The invention relates to an ultralow attenuation single-mode
optical fiber, and the
optical fiber comprises a core layer and a cladding layer. The
optical fiber is characterized in that the
radius r1 of the core layer is 3-5 microns; the
relative refractive index delta n1 of the core layer is 0-0.20%; the exterior of the core layer is sequentially wrapped by an internal cladding layer, a recessed internal cladding layer and an
external cladding layer from the inside to the outside; the
radius r2 of the internal cladding layer is 6-10 microns, and the
relative refractive index delta n2 is less than or equal to -0.23%; the
radius r3 of the recessed internal cladding layer is 10.5-20 microns, and the
relative refractive index delta n3 is less than or equal to -0.40%; the
external cladding layer is a full
fluorine-doped
silicon dioxide glass layer, and the relative
refractive index delta n4 is less than or equal to -0.23%. According to the invention, the core layer and the cladding
layers are designed to be made of different materials, thereby optimizing the
viscosity and optical
fiber stress of each part of the optical
fiber, reducing the mismatching of the structure relaxation time of the glass materials of the core layer and the internal cladding layer in a preparation process of the optical
fiber, and reducing the interface defects. Moreover, the core layer is doped with an
alkali metal, thereby effectively reducing the
virtual temperature of the core layer, and achieving the ultralow attenuation performance of the single-mode optical fiber.