The invention discloses a method for estimating at-home activities of elderly people living alone based on sound event detection. The method comprises the following steps that firstly, a pickup arrayis placed in the indoor space for collecting multi-channel audio data and pre-processing the audio data, wherein pre-processing comprises framing and windowing; then log Mel spectrum features are extracted from the audio data in each channel, direction of arrival (DOA) space spectrum features are extracted from the audio data in all the channels, and the log Mel spectrum features and the DOA spacespectrum features are spliced; then, the spliced features are input a convolutional neural network for feature transformation; and finally, the transformed features are input into a convolutional neural network classifier, and the type of the activities is estimated. According to the method, the spectrum features and transformed features are extracted from the multi-channel audio data, the diversity of training data can be improved, the generalization ability of the convolutional neural network classifier is effectively improved, and when the at-home activities of elderly people are estimated, the higher accuracy rate can be obtained.