The invention relates to a straightening method preventing steel plates from buckling. The method includes the following steps that (1) a bending roller adjusting scheme of a hot straightening model is carried out; (2) hot straightening is carried out on the steel plates with final cooling temperature of 400-650 DEG C for three passes, and the steel plates enter a cooling bed for cooling through a roller way; (3) the hot straightening is carried out on the steel plates with final cooling temperature of 250-400 DEG C for five passes, and the steel plates enter a shear line for rapid shearing; (4) for the steel plates sheared and processed rapidly, the four edges of the upper surface of the steel plates are grinded block by block; (5) the steel plates enter a cold straightening machine for straightening. Compared with the prior art, the straightening method preventing the steel plates from buckling has the advantages that according to the controlled cooling steel plates straightened through the method, nonuniformity of temperature of all parts of the steel plates can be greatly reduced, new internal stress of the steel plates can be prevented from being generated in the hot straightening process, besides, original internal stress can be effectively released, buckling, caused by internal stress release, of the steel plates in the slow cooling process is avoided, and the one-time straightening plate shape qualified rate of the controlled cooling steel plates is improved.