The invention belongs to the technical field of uranium mines, and specifically discloses a sedimentary basin base uranium fertility and sandstone-type uranium deposit mineralization potentiality evaluation method. The method comprises the following steps: S1, comprehensively measuring aerial gamma energy spectra in a base provenance area; S2, collecting a medium acidic igneous rock sample in an aerial radioactivity measurement work area, and performing 80-mesh and 200-mesh pollution-free crushing on the sample; S3, measuring the quantity of ferrous oxide and major and minor components in the 200-mesh pollution-free powder; S4, measuring the share of active uranium in the 80-mesh pollution-free powder; S5, analyzing and arranging data about the content of uranium and thorium, the thorium-uranium ratio and the leaching rate of the active uranium; and S6, analyzing the base rock uranium fertility and evaluating the sandstone-type uranium deposit mineralization potentiality in combination with the data results of S1 and S4. The method is used for judging the uranium fertility of large sedimentary basin margin erosion source areas, and providing basis for large sedimentary basin sandstone-type uranium deposit mineralization potentiality evaluation.