The invention discloses a triple loss-based improved neural network pedestrian re-identification method. The method comprises the following steps of constructing a sample database, establishing positive and negative sample libraries based on the sample database, and randomly selecting two positive samples and one negative sample to form a triple; constructing a triple loss-based neural network, and performing training, wherein the neural network is formed by connecting three parallel convolution neural networks with a triple loss layer; inputting a to-be-tested picture and each sample picture in the expanded sample database, which serve as a group of inputs, to the trained neural network in sequence, wherein another input of the neural network is zero or zero input; and calculating a distance of eigenvectors of two input pictures output by the neural network by utilizing a Euclidean distance, and querying and arranging first 20 Euclidean distances in an ascending order, and then performing simple manual screening to obtain a final identification result. The method has the beneficial effects that the identification method can be suitable for a picture scene with a relatively great change, can ensure robustness, and has relatively high identification accuracy.