The invention discloses a near infrared spectrum quick test method of new oil quality of lubricating oil. The method comprises the following steps of: 1, collecting a representative sample of the lubricating oil as a training set; 2, measuring the near infrared spectrum of the lubricating oil sample of the training set, performing the corresponding pretreatment of the near infrared spectrum, and using the pretreated spectrum data as a variable; 3, selecting a proper multivariate calibration method to establish a model of the relationship between an new oil quality index of the lubricating oil and the spectrum; and 4, for the quality measurement of the unknown lubricating oil sample, measuring the near infrared spectrum of the lubricating oil sample, performing the same pretreatment, and measuring the quality index of the lubricating oil by the quality analysis model of the lubricating oil. The method can quickly measure 18 quality parameters such as chemical composition content, physical-chemical properties, main elements and additive elements by the near infrared spectrum and has the advantages of high analytic speed, easy operation and high quality monitoring capability of the lubricating oil.