The invention discloses a gradient damping
composite material based on a
mass spring model and a preparing method of the gradient damping
composite material, relates to damping composite materials and aims at solving the problems that an existing single-layer damping material is narrow in damping temperature range, and damping loss factors are low. The gradient damping
composite material is composed of multiple damping
layers, and each damping layer is composed of
mass block particles wrapped by
polyurethane elastomer and
basalt flake fibers. The crosslinking degree of the
polyurethane elastomer on the upper damping layer is larger than the crosslinking degree of the
polyurethane elastomer on the lower damping layer. The preparing method comprises the steps that the
mass block particles are added into polyurethane
prepolymer to be subjected to the reaction, then, the polyurethane-wrapped elastomer is formed, the
basalt flake fibers are then added, shearing and
grinding are uniform, a chain
extender and / or a curing agent are / is added according to the amount of the chain
extender and / or the curing agent from low to high, and pouring liquid of all
layers is obtained; layer-by-layer pouring is conducted according to the crosslinking degree from low to high, the composite material is obtained through curing, and the
loss factor of the composite material at the temperature
ranging from -40 DEG C to 1 DEG C ranges from 0.7 to 1.17. The gradient damping composite material can be used in the damping field.