The invention discloses an agricultural ecological data management system comprising a crop management unit, an agricultural material and agricultural condition sharing unit, an internet platform and a personal mobile terminal. The crop management unit transmits data to a crop data management host through various kinds of sensors; the agricultural material and agricultural condition sharing unit comprises an agricultural material and agricultural condition data host and various kinds of data subsystems connected with the agricultural material and agricultural condition data host; and by means of big data calculation and classification management of the crop data management host and the agricultural material and agricultural condition data host, the information is finally transmitted to the internet platform or the personal mobile terminal, and omnibearing management and interaction of crops from field plantation, production, logistics and sales are realized. According to the invention, lands are changed from production material to agricultural capital, agricultural production activities are docked with the capital market, the problem that the farmer individual information is asymmetric is solved, and the organization flattening, the asset intensification, the benefit maximization and the information cloud of the agricultural platform are realized; an agricultural product quality tracing system is established; and the economic and social benefits are inestimable.