The invention provides a pipeline inner wall walking detection robot and system, and relates to the technical field of pipeline detection. The pipe inner wall walk detection robot comprises a robot main body, driving wheels, an electric lifting table, first lifting connecting rods, second lifting connecting rods, an air cylinder, a rear camera shooting device, an air cylinder shaft, illuminating headlamps, a front camera shooting device and an anti-collision device, wherein the driving wheels are fixedly arranged on the two sides of the robot main body, the electric lifting table is fixedly arranged above the robot main body, the first lifting connecting rods and the second lifting connecting rods are hinged and fixed, one end of the air cylinder is provided with the rear camera shooting device, one side of the air cylinder shaft is provided with the illuminating headlamps, the other side of the air cylinder shaft is fixedly provided with the front camera shooting device, and the frontside wall of the robot main body is fixedly connected with the anti-collision device. After the technical scheme is adopted, the pipeline inner wall walk detection robot has the beneficial effects that the pipeline inner wall walk detection robot is reasonable in structural design, has an anti-collision function, prolongs the service life of equipment, can monitor and photograph the front face and the rear face of the robot, and has great popularization value.