The invention relates to a harmful gas acquiring and detecting instrument matched with a robot for use. The harmful gas acquiring and detecting instrument comprises a gas acquiring device, a harmful gas detecting device, a housing and a battery, wherein the gas acquiring device comprises a sampling pipe, a sampling pipe connector, a buffer chamber, an anti-explosion electromagnetic valve, a piston cylinder, a motor and a battery; one end of the sampling pipe is connected with the buffer chamber by virtue of the sampling pipe connector, the buffer chamber is communicated with the piston cylinder by virtue of the anti-explosion electromagnetic valve, the harmful gas detecting device comprises a plurality of sensor slots formed in a shell, a treating circuit is connected with a display screen, the display screen is fixed at an opening of the housing of the harmful gas acquiring and detecting instrument, and the size of the opening is matched with that of the display screen. The harmful gas acquiring and detecting instrument matched with the robot for use, disclosed by the invention, is used for replacing a rescue worker to enter a dangerous roadway to perform gas acquisition and harmful gas detection, so that life safety of the rescue worker is protected and the basis is provided for the rescue work, and the harmful gas acquiring and detecting instrument can be greatly popularized in the safety rescue industry for mining.