The invention discloses an online state detection device of an overhead transmission line. According to the device, a date transfer unit (DTU), an actual sag measurement system, a windage yaw monitoring system, a conducting ground wire vibration monitoring system, an actual wire temperature measurement system, a tower inclination monitoring system, a fault location property judgment application system, an online transmission line capacity increasing system, a temperature and humidity sensor, an inclination angle sensor, a tension sensor, a wind speed sensor, an insulator pollution degree measuring device, a smoke transducer, a radio frequency (RF) module, a video compression card, a 74HC165, an infrared microwave anti-theft sensor and a FLASH memory are directly connected to a micro control unit (MCU); a lightning stroke positioning system is connected to the RF module; a fast ball is connected to the video compression card; the MCU is connected to the fast ball; a wind direction sensor is connected to the 74HC165; a battery control board is connected to the MCU; and the battery control board is connected to a solar cell. According to the device, the state of an overhead transmission line can be detected in real time, the hidden danger is timely discovered, and the manpower and material resources are saved.