The invention discloses a crawler-type hydraulically-driven tree climbing and pruning robot. The crawler-type hydraulically-driven tree climbing and pruning robot comprises a rack, a holding clampingmechanism, a tree climbing mechanism, a cutting mechanism, an obstacle avoidance mechanism and a handheld mechanism; the rack comprises an upper stand column, a lower stand column, a first connectingrib plate, a second connecting rib plate, a third connecting rib plate, a fourth connecting rib plate and a fifth connecting rib plate, and the holding clamping mechanism comprises a first push rod air cylinder upper connecting plate, a first push rod air cylinder lower connecting plate, a first push rod air cylinder, a clamping wheel upper connecting plate, a clamping wheel lower connecting plate, a clamping plate connecting shaft, a clamping fixing plate, a clamping wheel connecting shaft and a clamping wheel; and the tree climbing mechanism comprises a left crawler assembly, a right crawlerassembly and a right-angle reverser, the cutting mechanism comprises five cutting tool bits, and the obstacle avoidance mechanism comprises a second push rod air cylinder and an air cylinder connecting frame. The technology is high in automation degree, the working efficiency of forestry production is improved, the labor intensity of workers is reduced, and the safety of forestry operation is improved.