A lithium battery self-discharge screening method includes the steps that lithium batteries are charged in advance, the total capacity C1 of the batteries is recorded, constant-temperature aging is carried out on the batteries, the aged batteries are discharged through constant current under the environment with normal temperature, the batteries are charged through the same constant current, the capacity C2 obtained after constant current discharging is carried out and the capacity C3 obtained after charging are recorded respectively, C1 minus C2 is the capacity difference delta1, and then K1 is calculated by dividing delta1 by T1; batteries of which K1 is within the qualified range are directly transferred to the next process; constant-temperature aging is carried out on the batteries which are transferred normally; the aged batteries are discharged through the constant current under the normal temperature and normal voltage, and the capacity C4 obtained after discharging is finished is recorded; C4 minus C3 is delta2, K2 is calculated by dividing delta2 by T2, and batteries of which K2 is within the qualified process range are batteries small in self discharge. Through changes of battery capacities within a certain period, lithium batteries high in self discharge are effectively selected out through two times of screening, the method is simple and easy to implement, and production and operation are convenient.