Disclosed are extraction device and method utilizing a microwave coal heating layer. The extraction device mainly comprises an extraction and drainage pipe (1), a helical antenna (7), a front-loaded cover (6), a cable (8), a microwave generator (9), a controller (10), a cooling device (11), a gas exhaust pipe (12) and the like. The problems of low extraction rate and extraction speed of existing extraction methods are solved. The extraction method is characterized by including: firstly drilling a hole at an appointed position of an extraction coal layer, paving an anchorage net on the surface of the extraction coal layer and drilling a drill rod to reinforce the coal layer; placing the extraction and drainage pipe with the helical antenna into the drilled hole by the distance 0.6-1.0m away from the coal layer, sealing the hole by high-temperature-resistant cement grouting, and starting the microwave generator to heat the extraction coal layer to the temperature of 80-200 DEG C. After the coal layer is heated, desorption speed of gas is increased, the free gas is increased to cause increase of gas volume of the coal layer, so gas pressure is increased and gas extraction rate of gas of the coal layer in the negative-pressure extraction drilled hole is increased favorably.