The invention relates to a music theory teaching method and an auxiliary device. The music theory teaching auxiliary device comprises a screen end, a keyboard and a student end. The screen end comprises a display and a computer host, and the keyboard is provided with a beat time setting key area, a note key area, a beat key area and a function key area. The student end comprises a second shell, the second shell is provided with seven note keys, the note keys are provided with a lamp panel, an electric control board and a power supply device are further arranged in the second shell, and the lamp panel, an electronic timer, a touch switch and the power supply device are electrically connected with the electric control board. A control device in the keyboard and the electric control board areconnected with the computer host of the screen end through Bluetooth or a wireless network. The music theory teaching method and the auxiliary device assist teachers in education of note time values,meanwhile, sound is simulated in the forms of vibration and lamplight, interference cannot be caused among students, and the teaching quality is improved.