Self-assembly heavy metal adsorbent as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a self-assembly heavy metal adsorbent as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The adsorbent adopts a water-in-oil type concentrated emulsion method, polyamineamphiphile with multiple active amino hydrogen serves as an emulsion stabilizer, the emulsion stabilizer is assembled on the oil-water interface, thus water-in-oil type concentrated emulsion is obtained, and the active amino hydrogen is expressed on the oil-water interface and faces the water phase; then the water-in-oil type concentrated emulsion is solidified to form a substrate, the active amino hydrogen is replaced with acetates, and amino polycarboxylic acid groups are formed and expressed on the pore surfaces of the substrate. The absorbent is used for treatment of wastewater or soil which contains heavy metals. Compared with the prior art, the active amino hydrogen is expressed on the interface of the water-in-oil type concentrated emulsion through self-assembly of the macromolecular polyamine amphiphile, and when or after the porous substrate is formed, amino is converted into a amino polycarboxylic acid structure which adsorbs metals efficiently, thus, synthesis is easier, the surface coverage rate of functional groups is higher, the adsorption rate is higher, and the adsorbent is easy to regenerate.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of heavy metal treatment, and relates to a self-assembled heavy metal adsorbent and a preparation method and application thereof. Background technique [0002] Heavy metals have attracted increasing attention due to their non-degradability, easy bioaccumulation and persistent toxicity. Due to modern industrial activities such as metallurgy, mining, batteries, paper, fertilizers, and pesticides, as well as the widespread use of modern electronic products, heavy metals enter the ecosystem from the lithosphere in large quantities, and their pollution effects are increasingly becoming the focus of global attention. Many heavy metals are widely used, but at the same time have obvious toxicity. Heavy metals exist in various forms such as elemental state or compound state, and the common forms of compound state include simple cations, complex ionic groups, and organometallic compounds. The heavy metal ions in the...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

At present, each technology still has different limitations, such as low treatment efficiency, relatively harsh operating conditions, secondary pollution, and post-processing difficulties, etc., making the treatment of heavy metals a high-cost activity.

Alkali deposition is effective for a variety of metal ions, but there are the following problems: (1) a large amount of low-density slurry will be produced; (2) because many hydroxides exhibit zwitterionic properties, their water solubility is more sensitive to pH, and each The optimum deposition pH for the hydroxides of different metal species is not the same, and the result is usually only one metal species at a time

However, many of them have insufficient functional groups. For example, mercapto groups are easily oxidized by air and difficult to store; esters, especially thioesters, are easily decomposed by acid and alkali, and difficult to regenerate.

This solid-phase multi-step synthesis strategy leads to insufficient surface density and surface coverage of the adsorbed functional groups on the substrate surface, resulting in low efficiency.

Images