The invention relates to a sensing method and a device for micro inner cavity and two-dimensional coordinate based on one-dimensional micro-focus collimation, belonging to the technical filed of preciThe invention relates to a sensing method and a device for micro inner cavity and two-dimensional coordinate based on one-dimensional micro-focus collimation, belonging to the technical filed of precization, large measured depth-diameter ratio, simple system structure, good real-time performance, easy practical application, and has obvious advantages for carrying out the quick and ultra-precise mezation, large measured depth-diameter ratio, simple system structure, good real-time performance, easy practical application, and has obvious advantages for carrying out the quick and ultra-precise measurement and calibration for the inner cavity micro-size and the two-dimensional coordinate. Especially, the top of the resolution capability can reach the deep sub-nanometer magnitude, and an absoluasurement and calibration for the inner cavity micro-size and the two-dimensional coordinate. Especially, the top of the resolution capability can reach the deep sub-nanometer magnitude, and an absolute zero position exists in the two-dimensional measurement direction.te zero position exists in the two-dimensional measurement direction.se instrument manufacture and measurement, in particular to a sensing method and a device for micro and complex inner cavity structure size and two-dimensional coordinate in the filed of sub-macroscopse instrument manufacture and measurement, in particular to a sensing method and a device for micro and complex inner cavity structure size and two-dimensional coordinate in the filed of sub-macroscopy, which is especially suitable for the measurement of micro-holes with large depth-diameter ratio. By using the structure characteristics of super large curvature and micro-cylindrical lens of an opty, which is especially suitable for the measurement of micro-holes with large depth-diameter ratio. By using the structure characteristics of super large curvature and micro-cylindrical lens of an optical fiber probe measuring rod, a point light source one-dimensional micro-focus collimation imaging light path is established, thereby realizing the high magnification and the sensing of the two-dimeical fiber probe measuring rod, a point light source one-dimensional micro-focus collimation imaging light path is established, thereby realizing the high magnification and the sensing of the two-dimensional displacement of the optical fiber probe measuring rod by utilizing the light path. The invention has the characteristics of small measured force of a single optical fiber probe, easy miniaturinsional displacement of the optical fiber probe measuring rod by utilizing the light path. The invention has the characteristics of small measured force of a single optical fiber probe, easy miniaturi