The invention relates to the technical field of heat exchangers, and discloses an adaptive high-efficiency heat exchanger capable of replacing the heat exchange medium on-line, including a heat exchanger body, and the left side of the heat exchanger body is provided with a first medium switch As for the control box, the first medium converter is fixedly connected to the left side of the first medium opening and closing control box. The self-adaptive high-efficiency heat exchanger that can replace the heat exchange medium on-line is equipped with the first connecting pipe, the second connecting pipe, the third connecting pipe, the fourth connecting pipe, the first opening and closing plate, the second opening and closing plate, the second Three-pass closing plate, fourth pass-closing plate, first driving gear, second driving gear, third driving gear, fourth driving gear, first driven gear, second driven gear, third driven gear, third driven gear Four driven gears, the first driven shaft, the second driven shaft, the third driven shaft and the fourth driven shaft, by turning the first drive shaft, it solves the problem of time-consuming and labor-intensive replacement of the medium in the current heat exchanger The problem.