The invention provides a rail electric locomotive automatic transportation system based on 5G technology. The system comprises an automatic transportation electric locomotive, an electric locomotive control system, 5G signal receiving and converting equipment CPE, a pantograph, a mine car, a 5G antenna, a 5G transmission feeder line, a 5G base station RRU, a computer terminal, a turnout control PLC substation and a synchronous electromagnet. The electric locomotive is connected to the mine car, and is mainly used for traction of the mine car. An electric locomotive control system is fixedly mounted in an electric locomotive cab, a PLC is arranged in the electric locomotive control system and used for processing the electric locomotive position, electric locomotive running speed, electric locomotive running mode, electric locomotive running current, electric locomotive frame line voltage and other data, so that intelligent running of the underground electric locomotive is achieved, andthe running efficiency of the electric locomotive is improved.