The invention relates to a variable rate fertilization adjustment device and a control method of same. The adjustment device includes a
fertilizer box, a
machine frame, a fertilization executing apparatus, and an opening degree adjustment apparatus. The fertilization executing apparatus includes a plurality of
fertilizer ejectors, an outer groove wheel, and a
fertilizer ejection shaft. The fertilizer ejectors are disposed below the fertilizer box in an array and are linked to work, thus uniformly performing variable adjustment on fertilization quantity; the opening degree adjustment apparatus includes a speed reducing mechanism, a lead screw nut mechanism, a
paddle mechanism, a stepping motor and a
control system thereof. During operation, the stepping motor drives a lead screw to rotate with combination of the speed reducing mechanism, so that the
paddle on the lead screw moves axially along the lead screw and triggers the fertilizer ejection shaft to move axially, thereby further changing opening degree of the outer groove wheel to adjust fertilizer ejection quantity. In the device, a planetary wheel speed reducing mechanism is added, so that torque is increased and load on the stepping motor is reduced, and so that accurate control on the axial movement of the fertilizer ejection shaft is achieved by means of rotation of the stepping motor, thereby increasing dynamic precision of the variable rate fertilization adjustment device.