There is provided a precision roll turning lathe which can not only
machine with high precision circumferential transverse grooves in the
peripheral surface of a roll but can also
machine with high precision longitudinal grooves in the
peripheral surface. The precision roll turning lathe includes: a
bed 10; a
headstock 12, mounted on the
bed 10, for rotating a roll-shaped workpiece while holding one end of the workpiece by means of a chuck, said
headstock having an indexing axis (C axis) for performing circumferential indexing of the workpiece; a
tail stock 14, mounted on the
bed 10 and disposed opposite the
headstock 12, for rotatably supporting the other end of the workpiece; a
carriage 16 including a
saddle 26 mounted on the bed 10 movably in the longitudinal direction (Z-axis direction) of the workpiece, and a table 28 mounted on the
saddle 26 movably in a direction (X-axis direction) perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the workpiece; a tool swivel 30 mounted on the table 28 and having an indexing axis (B axis); a tool post 33 mounted on the tool swivel 30 and having a plurality of
cutting tools 36 attached thereto; and a fly cutter spindle device 34 mounted to the tool post 34 and having a cutter spindle for rotating a fly cutter 39.