The present invention relates to novel
plasmid constructs useful for the delivery of
DNA vaccines. The present invention provides novel plasmids having a transcription cassette capable of directing the expression of a vaccine
nucleic acid insert encoding immunogens derived from any
pathogen, including fungi,
bacteria and viruses. The present invention, however, is particularly useful for inducing in a patient an immune response against pathogenic viruses such as HIV,
measles or influenza.
Immunodeficiency virus vaccine inserts of the present invention express non-infectious HIV
virus-like particles (VLP) bearing multiple viral epitopes. VLPs allow presentation of the epitopes to multiple histocompatability types, thereby reducing the possibility of the targeted
virus escaping the immune response. Also described are methods for immunizing a patient by delivery of a novel
plasmid of the present invention to the patient for expression of the vaccine insert therein. Optionally, the immunization protocol may include a booster
vaccination that may be a
live vector vaccine such as a recombinant
pox virus or modified
vaccinia Arbora vector. The booster live vaccine vector includes a transcription cassette expressing the same vaccine insert as the primary immunizing vector.