The invention discloses a semantic meaning-based specific task text keyword extraction method, and belongs to the field of natural language processing. The method comprises the following steps of: firstly, extracting a subject word of a certain specific task in a related text, and converting the subject word into a semantic vector by utilizing a semantic representation technology; secondly, carrying out word segmentation, part-of-speech tagging and screening on a text of a to-be-extracted keyword by utilizing a word segmentation tool; thirdly, converting the screened words into semantic vectors and calculating a similarity between each screened word and the subject word of the specific task; and finally, constructing a word network chart by taking the words as nodes, and calculating the importance degree of each word on the basis of the word similarity so as to extract important words in the word network chart. The method disclosed by the invention comprehensively considers the semantic features and structural features of the words in the texts, and is suitable for the extraction of specific-task oriented text keywords, so as to realize a function of obtaining important information from the texts and provide important technical support for the field of text mining, natural language processing, knowledge engineering and the like.