The invention discloses a resource reservation-based relay satellite system resource scheduling method. Relay satellite system resource scheduling is carried out under a preset condition. The relay satellite system resource scheduling method specifically comprises the steps of judging whether a to-be-scheduled business set is empty or not; if not, selecting the business with the highest priority from the to-be-scheduled business set and judging whether the selected business is a sudden business or a regular business; if the selected business is the sudden business, scheduling the selected business, if the selected business is the regular business, judging whether the ratio of an available resource set in a total resource set is greater than a preset resource reservation rate or not, if so, scheduling the selected business, or else, carrying out degrading processing on the selected business and further selecting the business with the highest priority; and carrying out resource matching on the scheduled businesses. Through a resource reservation mechanism, the problem of fast scheduling of the sudden business is solved, the resource reservation-based relay satellite system resource scheduling method can be used for a large-scale dynamic resource scheduling problem in a satellite network, the response speed of scheduling is increased and the effective availability of resources is improved.