The invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to an ankle joint traction fixing system which comprises a bone nail and a U-shaped connecting rod, the whole bone nail is in a rod shape, one end of the bone nail is a first holding structure facilitating rotation of the bone nail, threads are arranged in the middle of the bone nail, and the U-shaped connecting rod comprises a first vertical section, a second vertical section and an arc-shaped section used for connecting the first vertical section and the second vertical section; the two ends of the bone nail are fixed to the first vertical section and the second vertical section of the U-shaped connecting rod through connecting rod fastening clamps respectively, and positioning systems used for preventing the U-shaped connecting rod from moving are further arranged on the first vertical section and the second vertical section of the U-shaped connecting rod. In order to solve the problems that an existing ankle joint traction fixator is fixed through a kirschner wire, external fixation is unstable, and rehabilitation of an ankle joint is not facilitated, the ankle joint traction fixing system is provided, a bone nail with a thread in the middle penetrates through the calcaneus, after traction is completed, a support is directly adopted for fixation, and rehabilitation of later ankle joint fracture is facilitated.