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Methods For Inhibiting Viral Replication In Vivo

a technology of viral replication and inhibition of hepatitis c, which is applied in the direction of instruments, peptide/protein ingredients, drug compositions, etc., can solve the problems of ineffective hcc treatment, no effective immunization currently available, and no effective treatment for h

Inactive Publication Date: 2007-07-26
POLARIS GROUP
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

No effective immunization is currently available, and hepatitis C can only be controlled by other preventive measures such as improvement in hygiene and sanitary conditions and interrupting the route of transmission.
Today, there is no effective therapy for HCC except surgical resection (Ryder S D.
However, only <5% of HCC patients are surgical candidates and only ˜1% actually undergo resection.
Hepatitis B virus infection can lead to a wide spectrum of liver injury.
Moreover, chronic hepatitis B infection has been linked to the subsequent development of hepatocellular carcinoma, a major cause of death.
However, vaccination is not effective in treating those already infected (i.e., carriers and patients).
No fully satisfactory treatment for genital herpes currently exists.
In addition, although it is uncommon, HSV can also cause encephalitis, a life-threatening infection of the brain.
A most serious HSV-caused disorder is dendritic keratitis, an eye infection that produces a branched lesion of the cornea, which can in turn lead to permanent scarring and loss of vision.
Ocular infections with HSV are a major cause of blindness.
HSV is also a virus which is difficult, if not impossible to cure.
There are several problems with current anti-viral therapies.
First, there are relatively few effective antiviral drugs.
Many of the existing anti-virals cause adverse or undesirable side-effects.
However, data from various clinical trials have shown that approximately 40% of patients treated with IFN-α initially responded to the therapy, but 70% of these relapsed after the treatment ended.
In addition many side effects were observed such as severe flu, fatigue, muscle and head aches, even depression, weight loss and diarrhea.
Other large studies often fail to describe their screening criteria or the percentage of patients enrolled.
Thus a significant portion of the HCV infected population does not receive current “best standard of care” treatment due to a variety of medical or psychiatric contraindications.
These side effects are frequently so severe that further treatment with IFN alpha is discontinued, thus further limiting the utility of IFN therapy.
However, ribavirin will cause side effects.
In particular ribavirin accumulates in the erythrocytes of patients and can cause hemolytic anemia.
However, HIV virus is not easily destroyed nor is there a good mechanism for keeping the host cells from replicating the virus.
However, a problem associated with the therapeutic use of such a heterologous protein is its antigenicity.
However, the modified protein was toxic when metabolized due to the release of cyanide from the cyanuric chloride linking group.

Method used

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  • Methods For Inhibiting Viral Replication In Vivo

Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

example 1

Production of Recombinant ADI

[0118] Cultures of Mycoplasma arginini (ATCC 23243), Mycoplasma hominus (ATCC 23114) and Mycoplasma arthritides (ATCC 23192) were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, Md.

[0119] Arginine deiminase was cloned from Mycoplasma arginini, Mycoplasma hominus and Mycoplasma arthritides and expressed in E. coli as previously described by S. Misawa et al, J. Biotechnology, 36:145-155 (1994), the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Characterization, by methods known to those skilled in the art, of each of the proteins with respect to specific enzyme activity, Km, Vmax and pH optima revealed that they were biochemically indistinguishable from each other. The pH optima was determined using a citrate buffer (pH 5-6.5), a phosphate buffer (pH 6.5-7.5) and a borate buffer (pH 7.5-8.5). The Km and Vmax were determined by incubating the enzyme with various concentrations of arginine and quantifying ci...

example 2

Renaturation and Purification of Recombinant ADI

[0123] ADI protein was renatured, with minor modifications, as described by Misawa et al, J. Biotechnology, 36:145-155 (1994), the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 100 g of cell paste was resuspended in 800 ml of 10 mM K2PO4 pH 7.0, 1 mM EDTA (buffer 1) and the cells were disrupted by two passes in a Microfluidizer (Microfluidics Corporation, Newton, Mass.). Triton X-100 was added to achieve a final concentration of 4% (v / v). The homogenate was stirred for 30 min at 4° C., then centrifuged for 30 min at 13,000 g. The pellet was collected and resuspended in one liter of buffer 1 containing 0.5% Triton X-100. The solution was diafiltered against 5 volumes of denaturation buffer (50 mM Tris HCl, pH 8.5, 10 mM DTT) using hollow-fiber cartridges with 100 kD retention rating (Microgon Inc., Laguna Hills, Calif.). Guanidine HCl was added to achieve a final concentration of 6 M and the solution w...

example 3

Attachment of PEG to ADI

[0126] PEG was covalently bonded to ADI in a 100 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.4. Briefly, ADI in phosphate buffer was mixed with a 100 molar excess of PEG. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour, then the mixture was extensively dialysed to remove unincorporated PEG.

[0127] A first experiment was performed where the effect of the linking group used in the PEG-ADI compositions was evaluated. PEG10,000 and ADI were covalently bonded via four different linking groups: an ester group or maleimide group, including SS, SSA, SPA and SSPA, where each PEG molecule had an average molecular weight of 5,000, 10,000, 12,000, 20,000, 30,000 and 40,000; an epoxy group, PEG-epoxy, where each PEG molecule had an average molecular weight of 5,000; and a branched PEG group, PEG2-NHS, where each PEG molecule had an average molecular weight of 10,000, 20,000 and 40,000.

[0128] Five IU of the resulting compositions were injected into mice (5 mice in each group). To ...

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Abstract

The present invention is directed to methods of modulating viral replication in vivo comprising administering to an individual a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of a composition comprising arginine deiminase modified with polyethylene glycol, to methods of concurrently modulating viral replication and treating cancer, and to methods of modulating nitric oxide levels in a patient, among others.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS [0001] The present application claims priority of Application Ser. No. 60 / 427,497, filed Nov. 18, 2002, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0002] The present invention is directed to methods for inhibiting viral replication, to methods for treating cancer, to methods for treating and / or inhibiting metastasis, and to methods for concurrently inhibiting viral replication and treating cancer or treating and / or inhibiting metastasis, and others. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0003] Viral infections are among the leading causes of death with millions of deaths each year being directly attributable to several viruses including hepatitis and HIV. [0004] Hepatitis is a disease of the human liver. It is manifested with inflammation of the liver and is usually caused by viral infections. Several viruses such as hepatitis A, B, C, D, E and G are known to cause viral hepatitis. Among them, HBV and HCV are the mo...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(United States)
IPC IPC(8): A61K38/51A61K38/21A61K31/7076A61K31/7072A61K31/7056A61K31/551A61K31/522A61K38/45A61K38/50A61K45/06A61K47/48C12Q1/18
CPCA61K38/50A61K45/06A61K47/48215C12Q1/18G01N2333/978A61K2300/00A61K47/60A61P1/16A61P31/12A61P31/14A61P35/00A61P35/04A61P43/00Y02A50/30
Inventor CLARK, MIKE
Owner POLARIS GROUP
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