The invention discloses a fireproof intelligent charging device for an electric bicycle lithium battery and a fire extinguishing method. The fireproof intelligent charging device for the electric bicycle lithium battery includes a box, drawers, grid supports, sockets, heat dissipation fans, guide rails, door handles, a fire extinguishing pipeline, a main water intake, solenoid valves, a branch water outtake, an air deflector, a water outlet pipe, a main water outtake, transverse partitions and vertical partitions. The transverse partitions and the vertical partitions are uniformly distributedinside the box, the drawers are installed inside grilles composed of the transverse partitions and the vertical partitions, the front side of the drawers are fixedly provided with the door handles bybolts, the upper ends of the drawers are provided with the grid supports, the rear sides of the drawers are provided with the heat dissipation fans, the side walls of the drawers are provided with thesockets, the two outer walls of the drawers are provided with the guide rails corresponding to each other, and the inner wall of the rear end of the box is provided with the fire extinguishing pipeline. The fire extinguishing method can quickly extinguish the fire of the lithium battery that has an accident, prevent the lithium battery from exploding and causing danger.