A method for inhibiting and / or ameliorating the occurrence of diseases associated with
reactive oxygen species,
reactive nitrogen species, radicals and / or non-radicals in a subject whereby a subject is administered a
carotenoid analog or derivative, either alone or in combination with another
carotenoid analog or derivative, or co-
antioxidant formulation. The analog or derivative is administered such that the subject's risk of experiencing diseases associated with
reactive oxygen species,
reactive nitrogen species, radicals and / or non-radicals may be thereby reduced. The analog or analog combination may be administered to a subject for the inhibition and / or amelioration of any
disease that involves production of
reactive oxygen species,
reactive nitrogen species, radicals and / or non-radicals. In some embodiments, the invention may include a pharmaceutical composition including a
carotenoid analog or derivative. The carotenoid analog may include a
conjugated polyene with between 7 to 14 double bonds. The
conjugated polyene may include a cyclic ring including at least one
substituent. In some embodiments, a cyclic ring of a carotenoid analog or derivative may include at least one
substituent. The
substituent may be coupled to the cyclic ring with an
ether functionality. In some embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition may include a biologically inactive carrier. The pharmaceutical composition may be adapted to be administered to a human subject.