The invention discloses a narrow pulse-based relaying method for a cooperative ultra wideband communication system, which belongs to the field of wireless communication. The system comprises a single information source node, a multiple relay node and a single target node. In the method, a channel state is characterized by distance information, and a control frame is required to be transmitted for one time only to determine distances among the nodes and a channel scene under the condition that communication nodes are still, so that overhead for transmitting control information is saved, and the throughput of the system is improved. Instantaneous information is not required to be exchanged, so ineffective power consumption for idle listening and control message overhead can be saved; therefore, node power consumption is lowered, and working time is prolonged. By the method, an adaptive relay protocol converting method is introduced to the relay node, the bit error rate of the cooperative ultra wideband system is reduced to the maximum, and the performance of the system is improved.