The invention provides an airborne collision avoidance system (TCAS) test device based on a software radio technology, and belongs to the field of airborne collision avoidance monitoring. Comprising hardware and software, the hardware comprises a mainframe box, a PXI backboard is arranged in the mainframe box, under a PXI / PXIe architecture, four same FPGA board cards and a matched RF transceiver are adopted to realize airborne air collision avoidance system test equipment, the method is stable and reliable, the error rate is low, and a software radio architecture realizes various radio communication functions based on a software algorithm on the basis of universal hardware. The architecture has high flexibility, new functions are easily added by adding software modules, and based on the software radio technology, construction, distribution and synchronization technologies of output signals are realized by adopting a P2P mode in a one-master and three-slave mode.