The invention discloses a method for expressing human osteogenic protein-1 in peanut seeds, which comprises the following steps of: utilizing a gene engineering way to connect an osteogenic protein encoding gene to an 3' terminal of an oleosin gene, constructing an 'oleosin-erepsin-human osteogenic protein' plant expression vector driven by an oleosin promoter, transforming peanuts, making recombinant protein perform high-level expression in the peanut seeds along with the accumulation of an oil body, separating and purifying the recombinant protein through floating centrifugation, and then purifying to obtain the protein after the digestion of exoproteinase. The recombinant protein obtained by the method has the advantages of safety, high activity, and easy recovery and purification, can be stored in the peanut seeds for a long time, has convenient transportation, and can increase the added value of farm products.