The invention discloses a kit for detecting high density lipoprotein cholesterol. The kit comprises a reagent R1 and a reagent R2, wherein the reagent R1 comprises the following components of the corresponding concentrations: 10-100 mmol / L buffer solution I, 0.1-10 mmol / L polyanionic compound, 0.1-100 mmol / L bivalent cation, 0.1-10 mmol / L developer, 1-100 g / L surfactant I, 1-100 g / L surfactant II and 1-50 g / L preservative agent; and the reagent R2 comprises the following components of the corresponding concentrations: 10-100 mmol / L buffer solution II, 0.1-10 mmol / L 4-aminoantipyrine, 1-100 g / L surfactant III, 0.1-10 KU / L cholesterase, 0.1-10 KU / L cholesterol oxidase, 0.1-10 KU / L peroxidase and 1-50 g / L preservative agent. According to the invention, improvement is made on the basis of a selective inhibition method; the preferable compound surfactant pairs are added to inhibit and eliminate lipemia interference in the first reaction step, so that lipemia samples can be directly detected by a full-automatic biochemical analysis instrument without being pretreated; and the kit is simple to operate, improves the detection efficiency and lowers the detection cost.