The invention discloses a 4G communication unit with a transformer area topology identification function and an identification method, and belongs to the technical field of transformer area acquisition terminals. The invention discloses a 4G communication unit with a transformer area topology identification function of an acquisition terminal. The 4G communication unit comprises a power supply module, an Ethernet management module, a topology analysis module, a 4G remote communication module and an MCU module; the topology analysis module is used for analyzing the data information acquired from the MCU module and transmitting an analysis result to the MCU module; the 4G remote communication module receives the information of the MCU module, then sends the information to the acquisition master station in a wireless communication mode, and sends the information of the acquisition master station to the MCU module. According to the invention, the 4G remote communication module and the topology analysis module are utilized to realize old terminal 4G remote communication and transformer area topology analysis and reporting. The method is especially suitable for the old acquisition terminal, can solve the 4G online problem of the old terminal, can also carry out transformer area topology analysis, is low in application cost, and is convenient to popularize and use.