The invention relates to a rice field ecological planting and breeding method. By means of the rice field ecological planting and breeding method, Procambarus clarkii are bred and rice is planted in a rice field circularly. The rice field ecological planting and breeding method includes the steps of preparation of the rice field, putting of shrimp seeds, feeding of shrimps, rice cultivation, management of the rice field, fishing for shrimps and reservation of parent shrimp seeds. Circular grooves of the rice filed are disinfected and grass is planted in the circular grooves immediately after the circular grooves of the rice field are finished, the reservation of parent shrimp seeds is mainly carried out in the later period of finishing, and parent shrimps are guaranteed to be reserved in the field for breeding parent shrimps of the next year. The rice field ecological planting and breeding method has the advantages that the Procambarus clarkii are reserved after rice is harvested, and the rice field does not need to be turned over, ploughed or harrowed, planting and breeding are jointly carried out continuously and the utilization rate of farmlands is high; fertility of the farmlands is uniform; worm eggs are eaten by the shrimps so that diseases and insect pests of the rice can be prevented; the survival and breeding environment of the shrimps is stable, and the yield is high; the structure of the rice field is favorable for breeding and growth of the shrimps; chemical inorganic fertilizer and chemical pesticides are not used, so that the natural ecological environment is effectively protected.