The invention discloses a high-speed adjustable optical comb filter. A single optical fiber collimator, a first polarized displacement crystal, a first half wave plate cluster, a birefringent retarding crystal, a second half wave plate cluster, an electro-optical retarder, a third half wave plate cluster, a second polarized displacement crystal, a fourth half wave plate cluster, a roof prism, a third polarized displacement crystal and a double optical fiber collimator are sequentially placed in the same horizontal optical path direction; parallel beams separated by the second polarized displacement crystal are collimated and coupled to the double optical fiber collimator via the roof prism and the third polarized displacement crystal; and high-speed adjustable central wavelength of the optical comb filter can be realized by controlling the externally applied voltage of the electro-optical retarder. The invention achieves high-speed dynamic adjustability of the central wavelength of the comb filter and has the characteristics of compact structure, convenient manufacturing and stable and reliable performance.