The invention relates to the blood molecular biology field, and concretely relates to an L-type PML / RAR alpha fusion gene detection kit and a corresponding detection method. The L-type PML / RAR alpha fusion gene detection kit is composed of the following reagents of a functional oxidized grapheme, FITC-labeled single chain DNA with a sequence of 5'-FITC-TGACCTGCCATTGAG-3', a reagent I, formaldehyde, Escin and a PBS buffer, wherein the reagent I is composed of Tris alkali, NaCl, KCl, MgC12, HCl and H2O, an application method comprises the steps of cells culture, incubation liquid preparation by co-incubation with cells, and cells pretreatment and co-incubation of an incubation liquid and cells. The reagent provided by the kit can rapidly and accurately detect that whether certain cell exists the L-type PML / RAR alpha fusion gene or not, the kit has the advantages of sensibility, specificity, simple operation and rapidity, and the kit has important meaning for APL diagnosis and minimal residue monitoring, and the kit can realize recurrence prediction at early stage and clinical treatment guidance.