136 results about "DNA microarray" patented technology

The invention provides for compositions and methods for predicting an individual's responsitivity to cancer treatments and methods of treating cancer. In certain embodiments, the invention provides compositions and methods for predicting an individual's responsitivity to chemotherapeutics, including platinum-based chemotherapeutics, to treat cancers such as ovarian cancer. Furthermore, the invention provides for compositions and methods for predicting an individual's responsivity to salvage therapeutic agents. By predicting if an individual will or will not respond to platinum-based chemotherapeutics, a physician can reduce side effects and toxicity by administering a particular additional salvage therapeutic agent. This type of personalized medical treatment for ovarian cancer allows for more efficient treatment of individuals suffering from ovarian cancer. The invention also provides reagents, such as DNA microarrays, software and computer systems useful for personalizing cancer treatments, and provides methods of conducting a diagnostic business for personalizing cancer treatments.

Disclosed is a method for fabricating 1-dimensional micro-arrays using parallel micro-fluidic channels on chemically-modified metal, carbon, silicon, and/or germanium surfaces; a muL detection volume method that uses 2-dimensional nucleic acid micro-arrays formed by employing the 1-dimensional DNA micro-arrays in conjunction with a second set of parallel micro-fluidic channels for solution delivery, and the 1-dimensional and 2-dimensional arrays used in the methods. The methodology allows the rapid creation of 1- and 2-dimensional arrays for SPR imaging and fluorescence imaging of DNA-DNA, DNA-RNA, DNA-protein, and protein-protein binding events. The invention enables very small volumes necessary for a variety of bioassay applications to be analyzed by SPR. Target solution volumes as small as 200 pL can be analyzed.

A spotting device for manufacturing a DNA microarray and a spotting method using the same are provided. The spotting device for dropping and immobilizing a solution of biomolecules, for example nucleic acids such as probe DNA, mRNA, and peptide nucleic acid (PNA), and proteins on a DNA microarray surface to manufacture a DNA microarray, includes a first microchannel with a tube shape; a supplying unit supplying the solution of biomolecules to the first microchannel; a biomolecule solution droplet forming unit cross-linked to the first microchannel and forming biomolecule solution droplets with a predetermined size by periodically jetting a gas toward the biomolecule solution flowing in the first microchannel; a second microchannel linked to the first microchannel and having a greater diameter than the first microchannel; a cooling unit surrounding at least a part of the second microchannel to freeze the biomolecule solution droplets which pass through the second microchannel; and a spotting unit thawing the frozen biomolecule solution droplets and dropping the thawed biomolecule solution droplets on a surface of the DNA microarray. The spotting device can form spots with uniform shape, minimize an effect of temperature on biomolecules, and easily manipulate biomolecules when manufacturing a DNA microarray.

During the light illumination period of a monomer addition cycle in synthesizing an DNA microarray, undesirable reflections of illumination light from various interfaces that the illumination light passes through near the synthesis surface of the substrate may reduce the light-dark contrast, and negatively affect the precision and resolution of the microarray synthesis. The present invention provides an flow cell that reduces the undesired reflections by constructing certain flow cell structures with materials that have similar refractive indexes as that of the solution that is in the oligomer synthesis chamber during the illumination period and/or constructing certain flow cell structures or covering the structures with a layer of a material that has a high extinction coefficient.

The invention provides for compositions and methods for predicting an individual's responsitivity to cancer treatments and methods of treating cancer. In certain embodiments, the invention provides compositions and methods for predicting an individual's responsitivity to chemotherapeutics, including salvage agents, to treat cancers such as ovarian cancer. The invention also provides reagents, such as DNA microarrays, software and computer systems useful for personalizing cancer treatments, and provides methods of conducting a diagnostic business for personalizing cancer treatments.

The present invention describes a method utilizing a set of genes or gene products whose altered expression in cancer tissue, particularly head and neck cancer and other carcinomas, or its adjacent normal tissues predicts (a) probability of recurrence in time after treatment (b) sensitivity or resistance to therapies or (c) probability of metastasis at the time of initial discovery of the tumor. Furthermore, the invention describes methods of determining the molecular signature in tumor tissues, tissues adjacent to the tumor, or in saliva by using DNA microarray techniques, quantitative real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry or other methods that are used for determining gene or gene product expression levels.

A DNA microarray system whereby measurement can be performed at a low running cost, a low price and yet a high accuracy. A nucleic acid probe (3) is immobilized on the surface of a gate insulator of an electric field effect transistor and then hybridized with a target gene on the surface of the gate insulator. A change in the surface electric charge density thus arising is detected by using the electric effect.

A sensor chip and detection device are disclosed. The sensor chip includes a substrate, at least a portion of which is covered by a metal nanoparticle film; a first nucleic acid molecule that is characterized by being able to (i) self-anneal into a hairpin conformation and (ii) hybridize specifically to a target nucleic acid molecule, the first nucleic acid molecule having first and second ends, which first end is tethered to the metal nanoparticle film; and a first fluorophore bound to the second end of the first nucleic molecule. When the first nucleic acid molecule is in the hairpin conformation, the metal nanoparticle film substantially quenches fluorescent emissions by the first fluorophore, and when the first nucleic acid molecule is in a non-hairpin conformation fluorescent emissions by the first fluorophore are surface plasmon-enhanced.

A method is disclosed for the direct synthesis of double stranded DNA molecules of a variety of sizes and with any desired sequence. The DNA molecule to be synthesis is logically broken up into smaller overlapping DNA segments. A maskless microarray synthesizer is used to make a DNA microarray on a substrate in which each element or feature of the array is populated by DNA of a one of the overlapping DNA segments. The complement of each segment is also made in the microarray. The DNA segments are released from the substrate and held under conditions favoring hybridization of DNA, under which conditions the segments will hybridize to form duplexes. The duplexes are then separated using a DNA binding agent which binds to improperly formed DNA helixes to remove errors from the set of DNA molecules. The segments can then be hybridized to each other to assemble the larger target DNA sequence.

A process for rapid and simple assay of nucleic acid on the basis of competitive hybridization using a DNA microarray that comprises a step of hybridizing a labeled nucleic acid other than the target nucleic acid with one of the immobilized probes on the substrate, where the labeled nucleic acid has a known sequence complementary to the probe and can bind thereto specifically.

Provided are DNA microarray techniques that allow hybridization without RNA amplification, without using cDNA, and without labeling the nucleic acid prior to hybridization. Referred to as the Double-stranded Exonuclease Protection (DEP) assay, the technique permits the sample RNA to be used directly for hybridization, without manipulation in any way. Further provided is a microarray technique for high-throughput miRNA gene expression analyses, termed the RNA-primed, Array-based, Klenow Enzyme (RAKE) assay. The RAKE assay is a sensitive and specific technique for assessing single-stranded DNA and RNA targets, and offers specific advantages over Northern blots.

Sets of genes are identified that show modulated activity in hyperpigmented sun-exposed (HE) and non-hyperpigmented sun-exposed (NHE) skin, when compared to non-hyperpigmented non-exposed (NHNE) skin. The modulated sets of genes reveal important information about the genetic changes that take place in skin as a result of environmental exposure and damage. The modulated sets of genes may be used to fabricate custom DNA microarrays for evaluating patients with skin diseases or disorders. The microarrays may also be used to screen new substances for treating skin diseases and disorders. The modulated gene sets, and substances that target them, may also be used to develop therapies for individuals who suffer from hypopigmentation, such as those with Fitzpatrick type I skin or vitiligo.

The present invention relates to the field of DNA analysis. In particular, the present invention is directed to a device for the parallel imaging of fluorescence intensities at a plurality of sites as a measure for DNA hybridization. More particular, the present invention is directed to a device to image multiplex real time PCR or to read out DNA microarrays.

This invention relates to methods and systems for in silico or bioinformatic modeling of cellular metabolism. The invention includes methods and systems for modeling cellular metabolism of an organism, comprising constructing a flux balance analysis model, and applying constraints to the flux balance analysis model, the constraints selected from the set consisting of: qualitative kinetic information constraints, qualitative regulatory information constraints, and differential DNA microarray experimental data constraints. In addition, the present invention provides for computational procedures for solving metabolic problems.

The present invention provides a number of gene markers whose expression is altered in various gliomas. In particular, by examining the expression these markers, one can accurately classify a glioma as glioblastoma multiforme (GM), anaplastic astrocytoma (AA), anaplastic oligodendroglioma (AO) or oligodendroglioma (OL). The diagnosis may be performed on nucleic acids, for example, using a DNA microarray, or on protein, for example, using immunologic means. Also disclosed are methods of therapy.