The invention discloses a freezer capable of achieving staged freezing and a staged freezing method. The freezer comprises a liquid distribution ring, a liquid collection ring, a tee joint, a freezingpipe, an upper-section frozen liquid supply and lower-section frozen liquid return
pipe, and a lower-section frozen liquid supply
pipe. The bottom ends of the upper-section frozen liquid supply and lower-section frozen liquid return
pipe and the lower-section frozen liquid supply pipe extend into the freezing pipe along the axis of the freezing pipe, and the upper ends of the upper-section frozenliquid supply and lower-section frozen liquid return pipe and the lower-section frozen liquid supply pipe extend out of the top end of the freezing pipe. The distance between the bottom end of the lower-section freezing liquid supply pipe and the bottom of the freezing pipe is smaller than the distance between the upper-section frozen liquid supply and lower-section frozen liquid return pipe andthe bottom of the freezing pipe. By staged freezing, the demand for
chilling requirement can be reduced, the number of equipment in a freezing
station can be reduced, the equipment installation work can be reduced, the floor area of the freezing
station can be reduced, the civil construction cost of the freezing
station can be reduced, and the total freezing cost can be reduced. By staged freezing, the
cooling capacity can be rationally used, the freezing of the upper part of a shaft can be accelerated, and the early excavation of the shaft can be achieved.