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Neutralizing human antibodies to anthrax toxin

a technology of anthrax and human antibodies, applied in the field of fully human monoclonal antibodies, can solve the problems of sporadic reports describing the generation of useful monoclonal antibodies from such engrafted mice, and achieve the effects of reducing the severity of the illness, preventing the toxic effects of anthrax post-exposure, and being effectiv

Inactive Publication Date: 2006-11-02
EMERGENT PROD DEV GAITHERSBURG INC
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0009] There remains a need for an effective method to produce human monoclonal antibodies that are specific to a particular antigen. Moreover, a need for a fully human monoclonal antibody specific to the anthrax toxin still remains. Accordingly, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a novel anti-anthrax antibody that is fully human is provided. This new fully human anthrax antibody can be administered to a mammal to confer immunity to that mammal. Because the antibody is administered directly (instead of the antigen), this technique is called “passive immunization.” Thus, in one embodiment of the present invention, a method of passively immunizing a mammal is provided using one or more novel antibodies of the invention. Several embodiments of the present invention are also used to treat mammals that have been exposed to anthrax, thereby preventing the toxic effects of anthrax post-exposure and / or reducing the severity of the illness.
[0010] In one embodiment of the present invention, a composition and method to counter the effects of anthrax toxin that is released as a mechanism of bioterrorism are provided. In one embodiment, a prophylactic treatment in the form of passive immunization is provided. In one embodiment, antibodies to anthrax are administered to a mammal to prevent anthrax infection and / or to treat anthrax infection. One advantage of a passive immunization strategy is that it may useful in conferring immediate to medium-term protection, and can also have benefits for non-immunized patients who seek treatment after the point at which antibiotic therapy alone is ineffective. Casadevall, A., Emerging Infectious Diseases, 8:8 (2002); Maynard, J. A et al., Nature Biotechnology, 20:597 (2002), herein incorporated by reference. Passive immunization, according to some embodiments of the invention, can confer short-term, long-term and / or permanent protection to recipients.
[0011] In some embodiments of the present invention, antibodies that bind to the PA component of the tripartite anthrax exotoxin are provided. These antibodies will provide protection either as single agents or combined in a cocktail. A method to generate a series of fully human anti-anthrax PA toxin antibodies is also provided.

Problems solved by technology

The Bacillus anthracis organism was one of the first biological warfare agents to be developed and continues to be a major threat in this regard.
Although vaccine strains have been developed for anthrax, currently there are concerns regarding their efficacy and availability.
However, reports describing the generation of useful monoclonal antibodies from such engrafted mice have been sporadic.

Method used

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  • Neutralizing human antibodies to anthrax toxin
  • Neutralizing human antibodies to anthrax toxin
  • Neutralizing human antibodies to anthrax toxin

Examples

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example 1

Indirect ELISA

[0099] Flat bottom microtiter plates (Nunc F96 Maxisorp) were coated with 50 μl of Bacillus anthracis Protective Antigen (PA) or Lethal Factor (LF)(List Biological Laboratories (Campbell, Calif.) at a concentration of 1 μg / mL in PBS overnight at 4° C. Plates were washed four times with PBS with Tween 20 at 0.1% and 50 μl of diluted sera was added to the wells for one hour at room temperature. Plates were washed as before and 50 μl of secondary antibody, HRP conjugated Goat anti-Human IgG, Fcγ specific, or HRP conjugated Goat anti-Human IgM, Fc5μ specific, (Jackson ImmunoResearch, West Grove, Pa.) were added and incubated for one hour at room temperature. After another wash step, 100 μL of a substrate solution containing 0.4 mg / mL OPD (O-phenlenediamine dihydrochloride) in citrate buffer (0.025 M at pH 5.0) was added; after 15 minutes, 25 μl of 3N HCl was added to stop the reaction and plates were then read on a Microplate reader (VersaMax, Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale...

example 2

RAW 264.7 Cell Line in vitro Bioassay

[0100] The presence of neutralizing (protective) antibody to anthrax toxins PA and LF in the antisera were determined using an in vitro protection bioassay with the mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 target cell line. Hanna, P. et al., Microbiology 90.10198 (1993). PA (100 ng / ml) and LF (50 ng / ml) were pre-incubated with the indicated dilutions of antiserum for 30 minutes at 37° C. in a working volume of 100 μl of DMEM medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum, 2 mM L-glutamine, 100 IU / ml penicillin and 100 μg / ml streptomycin. This 100 μl volume was subsequently transferred into a 96 well flat bottom tissue culture plate containing 1×104 RAW 264.7 cells / well in 100 μl of the same medium. The culture was incubated for 3 hours at 37° C. The wells were washed twice with media. The residual attached cells were lysed and the released Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were measured using a CytoTox 96 kit (Promega, Madison, WI). Briefly, 10 μl Lysis Solut...

example 3

Engraftment of SCID Mice with Human PBMC From Anthrax-Vaccinated Donors

[0101] Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were enriched from whole blood of anthrax-vaccinated donors by density gradient centrifugation using Histopaque, 1077-1 (Sigma, St. Louis, Mo.). One of skill in the art will understand that other types of cells can also be used in accordance with several embodiments of the present invention. Typically, one unit of blood from donors was obtained. Female SCID / bg 12 week old mice were each engrafted (via i.p. inoculation) with 2.5×107 isolated human PBMC. They were treated concomitantly i.p. with a volume of conditioned medium from the OKT8 mouse hybridoma grown in Ex-cell 620 hybridoma serum free medium (JRH, KS) and 2 mM L-glutamine which contained 0.2 mg of the anti-CD8 antibody (used directly without further purification). The mice were immunized with a combination of PA and LF (i.p.) 2 μg each adsorbed to Alum (Imject®, Pierce, Rockford, Ill.) and subsequently boosted ...

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Abstract

A highly efficient method for generating human antibodies using recall technology is provided. In one aspect, human antibodies which are specific to the anthrax toxin are provided. In one aspect, human peripheral blood cells that have been pre-exposed to anthrax toxin are used in the SCID mouse model. This method results in high human antibody titers which are primarily of the IgG isotype and which contain antibodies of high specificity and affinity to desired antigens. The antibodies generated by this method can be used therapeutically and prophylactically for preventing or treating mammals exposed to anthrax. Thus, in one embodiment, a prophylactic or therapeutic agent used to counter the effects of anthrax toxin, released as a mechanism of bioterrorism, is provided. In one embodiment, a formulation and method for preventing and / or treating anthrax infection comprising a binding agent that prevents the assembly of the PA63 heptamer is also provided. Methods for diagnosis and methods to determine anthrax contamination are also described.

Description

RELATED APPLICATIONS [0001] This application is a continuation-in-part of PCT Application No. PCT / US2003 / 36555, filed Nov. 14, 2003 under 35 U.S.C. §120, and also claims benefit to U.S. provisional applications Ser. No. 60 / 538,721, filed Jan. 23, 2004 and Ser. No. 60 / 562,421, filed Apr. 15, 2004, all herein incorporated by reference.GOVERNMENT INTEREST [0002] This invention was made, in part, with the support of the United States Government under the following grants: CCAT #52109B 7806, NIAID # R43 AI52901-1A1, and NIAID # R43 AI 58458-01. The Government has certain rights in this invention.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0003] 1. Field of the Invention [0004] The present invention relates generally to fully human monoclonal antibodies, method of making same, and their use in preventive and therapeutic applications for anthrax. In one aspect, antibodies that have binding specificity for anthrax protective antigen (PA) toxin are provided. [0005] 2. Description of the Related Art [0006] ...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(United States)
IPC IPC(8): A61K39/40C07K16/12
CPCA61K39/40A61K2039/505C07K16/1278C07K2316/96C07K2317/21C07K2317/92C07K2317/56A61K2300/00C07K2317/76A61P31/04
Inventor MORROW, PHILLIP R.MORROW, JEANNEKANG, ANGRAY S.WANG, FEIJIANG, IVYSAWADA, RITSUKOSCHOLZ, WOLFGANG
Owner EMERGENT PROD DEV GAITHERSBURG INC
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