The invention discloses a sampling drilling tool with a coring tube of a multi-rod deep sampler. The sampling drilling tool comprises a drill pipe, the coring tube and a drill tool butt joint component, wherein the drill tool butt joint component comprises a force transmission joint, a coring tube butt joint, a drill pipe butt joint and a butt joint spring, the coring tube is of a thin-wall cylindrical structure, the inner wall of the coring tube is a smooth equal diameter cylinder, anti-falling covers are respectively installed at the bottom and the top of the inner wall, samples enter from the anti-falling covers, the anti-falling covers prevent the samples from falling; the interior of the drill pipe is a cylindrical cavity, a cylindrical cavity is arranged at the lower end of the top end joint of the drill pipe, two symmetrical grooves are axially formed in the cavity, the upper section of the joint is conical, the top of the cone is a circular bead, two symmetrical bulges are arranged in the cylindrical cavity at the bottom end of the drill pipe and are matched with symmetrical grooves of the top joint of other drill pipe, and the bottom end of one drill pipe is locked together with the top end of other drill pipe through a steel ball. By adopting the manner of butt joint by multiple drilling tools, the sampling drilling tool realizes deep sampling, and each drilling tool can be reused.