The invention has an object of providing a printing device and a method of controlling the printing device each capable of reducing the number of signal lines necessary for the connection to the circuit board for controlling the head drive circuit. The printing device includes an input / output section adapted to perform input and output of data, a drive circuit adapted to perform printing based on the data from the input / output section, and output the data, which is input from the input / output section, to the input / output section, and a switching section adapted to switch an input direction and an output direction of the data to the drive circuit in accordance with a switching signal, the drive circuit is provided with a first input section and a second input section to which the data is input, a first output section adapted to output the data from the first output section to the input / output section, and a second output section adapted to output the data from the second input section to the input / output section, and the switching section switches, in accordance with the switching signal, between a state in which the data from the input / output section is input to the first input section while the data input to the first input section fails to be output to the input / output section, and a state in which the data from the input / output section is input to the second input section while the data input to the second input section fails to be output to the input / output section.