The invention provides a pneumatic wave power generation device, and relates to the field of ocean wave energy utilization. The device comprises a buoyancy compartment, a seawater flow channel, a flow guide plate, an air flow channel, an air turbine and a generator, the buoyancy compartment is arranged on a horizontal section of the seawater flow channel composed of a vertical section flow channel and a horizontal section flow channel which are communicated with each other, and the air flow channel is arranged at the top of the vertical section flow channel and communicated with the vertical section flow channel; a seawater flow channel opening is formed in the end, away from the vertical section flow channel, of the horizontal section flow channel. The air turbine is connected with the air flow channel and the generator. The width of the two sides of the end, close to the vertical section flow channel, of the buoyancy cabin exceeds the width of the seawater flow channel to form a double-wing end, and the width of the end, close to the seawater flow channel opening, of the buoyancy cabin is gradually narrowed till a tip is formed. The invention further provides a double-body pneumatic wave power generation ship comprising the device. The device provided by the invention can realize high-efficiency broadband energy harvesting, and the power generation ship can realize mooring-free automatic position keeping in deep and far sea.