The invention discloses a method and system for evaluating the reliability of toxicological data. For the animal test data, the reliability evaluation is carried out from five parts: the test substance, experimental animals, test design, test operation and method, test results and conclusions. For in vitro test data, reliability evaluation is carried out from five parts: test substance, test system, test design, test operation and method, test result and conclusion. For human data, the reliability evaluation is carried out from five parts: research type and research object, measurement, quality control, bias control, results and conclusion. Aiming at the gap in the prior art, the invention designs a set of detailed and quantitative evaluation method and system for reliability evaluation of toxicological data.