The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural information management, and particularly relates to a hilly area citrus planting plot monitoring method and system based on a remote sensing image, and the method comprises the steps: S1, obtaining remote sensing mid-resolution image and high-resolution image information of a to-be-monitored region, and carrying out the preprocessing ofan image; S2, collecting interpretation marks of the to-be-monitored region on site to obtain a training sample and a verification sample; S3, taking the high-resolution image as a substrate, and superposing two-tone data to update the morphological boundary of the plot; S4, calculating characteristic indexes of the multi-temporal image and the high-resolution image of the middle-resolution image;S5, taking the plot information obtained in the S2 as a training sample, and training a classifier based on the feature index in the S4; S6, inputting the image of the to-be-monitored region into a classifier for identification, and respectively outputting results; and S7, performing analysis through adoption of an equal-weight scoring method, and judging the citrus as citrus information if the score exceeds half. According to the invention, the accuracy and objectivity of crop identification in the prior art are improved.