A kind of two-dimensional material, nano sheet and its preparation method and application

Abstract

The application provides a two-dimensional material having the chemical formula (X‑Y‑Z) a m b , X is selected from hydroxyl, ether group, carboxyl group, aldehyde group, carbonyl group, aliphatic group, nitro group, amino group, amido group, sulfonic acid group, phosphoric acid group, cyano group, thiocyano group, hydrocarbon group, substituted hydrocarbon group, halogen at least One; Y is selected from at least one of hydrocarbon group, substituted hydrocarbon group, heteroaryl group, substituted heteroaryl group; Z is selected from at least one of hydroxyl group, thiol group, selenol group, telluryl group; M is selected from Iron, chromium, manganese, copper, lead, zinc, tin, cobalt, nickel, antimony, mercury, cadmium, bismuth, gold, silver, platinum, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, At least one of tungsten, molybdenum, gallium, indium, thallium, germanium, rhenium, scandium, yttrium, thorium and lanthanide metal elements; a and b are each independently 1-6. The functional groups grafted on the surface of the two-dimensional material based on structural design have the advantages of known distribution, distribution area, and modification rate.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a two-dimensional material, a nanosheet and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the field of chemistry. Background technique [0002] Two-dimensional materials, as sheet-like crystalline materials with a thickness of single or multiple atomic / molecular layers, exhibit some unusual physical and chemical properties, making them widely used in electronic / optoelectronic devices, catalysis, sensors, energy storage and conversion, etc. All show good potential application value. At present, the use of covalent bonding to graft organic functional groups onto the surface of two-dimensional materials can further optimize the physical and chemical properties of the original two-dimensional materials, making them have better solvent dispersion (J.Am.Chem.Soc.2008 ,130, 16201), open bandgap (Nat.Mater.2010,9,315), more reactive active sites (Chem. Rev.2012,112,6027), so as to further optimize the material in energy s...

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Problems solved by technology

At present, scientists have used post-modification methods, such as covalent reaction with existing functional groups (Chem.Res.2013, 46,31), reactive filling of defect sites on the surface of two-dimensional materials (J.Am.Chem.Soc. 2013,135, 4584), two-dimensional material phase transition reaction, etc. (Nat.Chem.2015,7,45), to realize the covalent functionalization of two-dimensional material surface, but there are still many challenges to be overcome: 1) Two The type, quantity, and spatial distribution of functional groups on the surface of two-dimensional materials cannot be precisely controlled; 2) On the surface of two-dimensional materials, only partial but not full-coverage functionalization can be achieved, and the distribution of functionalized regions is uneven; 3) If there is no pre-existing available 4) The process of chemical functionalization on the surface of post-modified two-dimensional materials is often accompanied by violent chemical reactions, which will bring unpredictable defects, making the functionalized Material properties are uncontrollable

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