A method of improving tobacco field soil by using Polygonum capericum as green manure

Abstract

The invention provides a method for improving soil in tobacco fields by using local Polygonum capericum as green manure. The method is to directly sow Polygonum oleifera seeds in the smoke nest of the lever after the tobacco harvesting ends, or sow Polygonum oleracea seeds in the furrows of the original tobacco field when the middle leaves of the tobacco are harvested or after harvesting. Seeds; or after the tobacco leaves are harvested, remove the tobacco stumps and carry out deep plowing in the tobacco field, sow the Polygonum seeds according to the row spacing set by the local tobacco planting; or sow the Polygonum seeds in different places; wait until the Polygonum plants grow to 20 cm to 50 cm Cut and spread in the furrow of the tobacco field or on the set tobacco leaf planting row at a time of centimeter, and after biochemical treatment, turn the Polygonum plant in the tobacco field and apply ridges on it, and use it as green manure to improve the soil of the tobacco field. The present invention adopts Polygonum capericum as a new green manure for tobacco fields, adds a new soil conditioning crop variety to the tobacco field, and combines the advantages of Polygonum capsicum itself to improve the soil of the tobacco field, which has a good improvement effect and greatly saves production. cost.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to a method for improving soil in a tobacco field, specifically a method for improving the soil in a tobacco field by using a wild, extensive, multi-functional, and highly efficient plant Polygonum capsicum as a green manure. The green manure can effectively increase organic matter, adjust soil pH, and simultaneously It has multiple superimposed functions such as insect repellent, bactericidal, anti-virus and other biochemical effects, potential ammonium nitrogen in tobacco fields, and heavy metal pollution control effects. Through hole-sowing with ears and no-tillage, positioning treatment and overturning, local return to the field or remote treatment, combined with tobacco Fertilization and ridging for overturning can be efficiently used for soil conservation, conditioning, and restoration in tobacco areas, reducing pollution in tobacco fields, and effectively alleviating soil health problems. Background technique [0002] Flue-...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

[0002] Flue-cured tobacco is one of the important economic crops in my country. The risks of tobacco leaf production come from two aspects. One is the frequent occurrence of agricultural climate and meteorological disasters, which lead to frequent occurrence of climate and meteorological disasters and large losses, resulting in low comparative benefit rate of tobacco farmers, production enthusiasm and technology promotion. The second is soil health problems and reduced production capacity. Under certain climatic conditions, soil deterioration even affects the normal development of tobacco leaves

Due to the long-term continuous cropping and continuous application of chemical fertilizers in some tobacco areas, the development mode of heavy use and light cultivation will deteriorate the soil environment and soil quality of tobacco fields, which will affect the effective and sustainable use of land resources, resulting in the reduction of tobacco leaf quality and industrial usability. smoke benefit decline

[0003] At present, the main problems in the soil for planting tobacco leaves are as follows: First, the soil degradation is intensified, mainly manifested in the decrease of soil organic matter in the tobacco area, and the alkali-hydrolysis of nitrogen, especially NH4 + -N has accumulated to a certain extent, soil acidification is serious, fertilizer utilization rate is low, soil compaction, soil erosion, etc.

The second is the imbalance of trace elements in the soil, which has a great impact on the quality of tobacco leaves. There is a lack or unevenness of chlorine, boron, zinc, magnesium and molybdenum, and the utilization rate of phosphorus and potassium is low, which also causes tobacco leaves to be immature and intolerant in the later stage. prime factor for roasting

Third, pesticide pollution is serious, and there are varying degrees of excessive drug use in each production area; at the same time, the risk of heavy metal residues may be caused by water, fertilizer and pesticide pollution

Existing green manures mainly include leguminous green manures (Piperia glabra, alfalfa, arrow pea) and non-legume green manures (rape). Among them, the varieties of tobacco green manure are relatively single, and rapeseed, P. Seeds and peas are used as green manure for tobacco fields. These green manures have the following defects in specific planting: (1) The seed procurement costs of these green manures are relatively high, and a large amount of seed input is required. Yuan / ton, the investment per mu is about 40 yuan / mu, and the local rapeseed green manure investment is about 15-20 yuan / mu, which affects the enthusiasm for planting; (2) Because these green manures have other channels, such as purple sweet potato can be used as feed , forage, and rapeseed can be used as feed, etc. If the growth is good, the tobacco farmers are unwilling to overturn it and directly plant or harvest it as a cash crop, which will affect the biomass and effect of green manure in the tobacco field; (3) Rapeseed, purple sweet potato and other crops are originally To obtain a certain biomass, certain chemical fertilizers need to be applied, and there are susceptible diseases and insect pests. Planting such crops may increase the accumulation of pathogens and insect pests in the soil, which may have a certain impact on tobacco crops; (4) due to the deep roots of these plants , the stem is not easy to break, etc., causing deep roots in the field and not easy to overturn, and the aboveground part is not folded and wound around the machine. Violet glabra is an annual or annual herb. The main root is strong and penetrates the soil as deep as 1 meter to 1.5 meters. There are 2 to 5 branch nodes, 5 to 20 branches at a time, more than 30 to more than a hundred branches at 2 to 3 times, creeping and creeping, 1.5 to 3 meters long; Alfalfa Fabaceae and Medicago are perennial Herbs, with strong roots, deep into the soil, and well-developed rhizomes; rapeseed is a cruciferous, annual or perennial herb, a taproot crop, with a well-developed root system, the main root penetrates deep into the soil, and has many branches and fine roots, which brings certain difficulties to overturning; (5) Conventional tobacco field green manure has certain requirements on the soil environment. The suitable temperature for the germination of purple sweet potato seeds is 20-25°C, and the aboveground part will stop growing when the temperature is as low as 3-5°C; alfalfa should not be planted in strong acid and strong alkaline soil , like neutral or alkaline soil, preferably with a pH of 7-8, with a salt content of less than 0.3%, and a groundwater level below 1 meter. When the soil pH is below 6, root nodules cannot form, and when the pH is below 5, nodules will form. Cannot grow due to calcium deficiency, the soluble salt content is higher than 0.3%, and the chloride ion is higher than 0.03%, and the seedlings will suffer from salt damage. Fertile, water-retaining, loose and ventilated loamy soil is more conducive to increasing yield and increasing rapeseed oil content in weakly acidic or neutral soil

At present, there is no research on the use of Polygonum as green manure