Carbon material preparation method

Abstract

The invention discloses a carbon material preparation method which is characterized in that a precursor is placed into a crucible or a container with a crucible function and covered with a crucible cover, the precursor and the crucible or the container are placed into a muffle furnace or a similar muffle furnace environment, the precursor is directly carbonized at high temperature, insulated for aperiod of time at the carbonization temperature, cooled to room temperature and finally washed and dried to obtain a needed carbon material. High-temperature carbonization is directly performed in air atmosphere in the muffle furnace, reaction conditions are easily controlled, severe conditions such as a tubular furnace and inert gases such as argon or nitrogen are omitted, the preparation methodis simple, fewer in steps, strong in operability, easy in amplification preparation and adaptable to large-scale industrial production. The nitrogen-oxygen doped mesoporous carbon material prepared by the method is high in specific surface area, large in pore volume, narrow in mesoporous size distribution, strong in hydrophily and stably dispersed in water.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the technical field of a carbon material, especially a preparation method of a heteroatom-doped carbon material. Background technique [0002] In recent years, carbon materials such as carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, and graphene have attracted much attention due to their many advantages such as good chemical and thermal stability, high electronic conductivity, low density, and heteroatom doping, and are widely used in gas Adsorption and separation, water purification, oil-water separation, chromatographic analysis, sensing, chemical catalysis and electrochemical clean energy and other fields. Especially in the field of energy storage and conversion, carbon materials themselves can be used as electrode materials for capacitors, lithium-ion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium / potassium-ion batteries, etc., and can also be used as electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction, oxygen evolution, and hydrogen evolution. , carbon ...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

Commonly used templates include hard or soft templates. The hard template method requires multiple steps of synthesizing the template, introducing the precursor into the template, polymerizing, carbonizing, and removing the template, which is very time-consuming and requires the use of toxic hydrogen fluoride or highly corrosive strong alkali; and although the soft template method does not need to remove the template, it generally uses toxic and volatile formaldehyde, and the carbonization heating rate of the whole soft template method is very low

Therefore, although the hard template method or the soft template method can generally obtain carbon materials with a mesoporous structure, they are not suitable for large-scale preparation.

The activation method is similar to high-temperature carbonization, and generally needs to be used for strong alkali KOH or CO 2 and other gases, the whole process is complicated

At the same time, the activation method is generally difficult to control the pore structure of carbon materials, and it is difficult to obtain mesoporous carbon materials with narrow pore size distribution.

In addition, in order to achieve the doping of heteroatoms in carbon materials such as nitrogen or oxygen, it is often necessary to use special precursors or post-treatment methods (i.e., use NH 3 Or acetonitrile and other processed carbon materials that have been synthesized), not only the process is cumbersome, but also easy to destroy the structure of the carbon material, thereby affecting its performance

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