A hybrid driving device based on a mechanical automatic transmission, which is provided with a brake, two clutches, a four-speed mechanical automatic transmission, and a planetary gear mechanism. The four-speed mechanical automatic transmission is composed of constant mesh gear pairs O, P, Q , R, synchronizer M, N, shafts G, H, output end, and gears C, D and gears E, F meshing gear pair, the motor is connected to gear D, and is connected to shaft H through clutch B. The internal combustion engine is connected to the sun gear through the clutch A, and the fuel power source drive, electric power source drive, or hybrid power source drive mode switching is realized by controlling the clutches A, B, and brake; the fuel power source drive is realized by controlling the synchronizers M and N Switching of four gears, or switching of four gears driven by an electric power source, or switching of four gears of hybrid driving. The invention has the advantages of compact structure, more modes and more gears in a certain mode.