An underground working personnel emergency rescue guiding system and a guiding method are provided, so safety management personnel can timely learn about underground personnel distribution conditions, early warning can be timely send to underground people and an effectively escape route can be timely provided for underground personnel when danger happens, thus effectively reducing personnel casualty and economic losses, and improving mine enterprise safety production level; the guiding system comprises a host computer, a fiber communication device, a communication substation, an information miner light, an audible-visual annunciator, an escape guiding screen and a power supply; the guiding method comprises the following steps: the host computer receives people monitoring data from the communication substation through the fiber communication device, and sends short message data, alarm data and escape guiding data to the communication substation; the communication substation sends the short message data to the information miner light, and respectively transfers acousto-optic alarm data and escape guiding data to the audible-visual annunciator and escape guiding screen; the underground working personnel wear the information miner light, send communication codes identifying IDs to the communication substation, and receive the early warning information and the guiding route from the communication substation.