40 results about "Vacuum servo" patented technology

The invention discloses an electric vacuum servo device control strategy of an electric car brake. The control strategy comprises the following steps: a vacuum pump control unit is used to control the on / off of a vacuum pump according to the collected signal of a vacuum pressure switch arranged on a vacuum tank and the output signal of a brake switch connected with a brake pedal or a pedal opening sensor, and the vacuum pump control unit is used to perform systematic failure diagnosis according to the output signal of the brake switch or the pedal opening sensor, the signal of the vacuum pressure switch and the operation time of the vacuum pump. By adopting the method of the invention, the problems of large energy consumption of the vacuum pump and poor system reliability can be solved.

The invention discloses a vacuum assisted brake system, a control method thereof, and a vehicle comprising the vacuum assisted brake system. The vacuum assisted brake system comprises a vacuum booster, a vacuum pump, a vacuum container and a master controller ECU, wherein the vacuum pump is communicated with a vacuum servo air chamber of the vacuum booster by the vacuum container; and the master controller ECU is electrically connected with the vacuum pump. The vacuum assisted brake system also comprises an engine; an intake manifold of the engine is communicated with the vacuum servo air chamber of the vacuum booster; and the master controller ECU makes the engine serve as a main vacuum source and the vacuum pump serve as an auxiliary vacuum source by controlling the opening and closing of the engine and the vacuum pump so as to provide a vacuum environment for the vacuum booster. By using the engine as the main vacuum source, the vacuum assisted brake system of the invention reducesthe operating time and starting / stopping time of the vacuum pump, and avoids frequent opening and long time operation of the vacuum pump, thereby prolonging the service time of the vacuum pump.

The invention provides a brake vacuum boosting device used for an electric automobile and a control method thereof. The device comprises a vacuum booster, a vacuum pump, a gas holder, a main control ECU and a plurality of pressure sensors, wherein, the vacuum booster is used for providing assistance for brake; the vacuum pump is used for extracting and removing gases from a vacuum servo gas chamber; the pressure sensors are used for measuring gas pressure in the gas holder, wherein, a plurality of pressure sensors are respectively independently used for measuring the gas pressure in the gas holder; the main control ECU is used for receiving the gas pressure in the gas holder measured by a plurality of pressure sensors, judging whether at least one of the pressure sensors works normally and determining whether the starting of the vacuum pump is controlled according to the gas pressure in the gas holder measured by the pressure sensors and determining which pressure sensors are subject to. The device and the method of the invention can cause the brake vacuum boosting device to have relatively high reliability, thereby enhancing driving safety.

The invention discloses a control module of a brake vacuum servo device of an electric automobile. The control module comprises a fault diagnosis unit for a vacuum pressure sensor and a vacuum pressure data acquisition unit, wherein the fault diagnosis unit for the vacuum pressure sensor is used for judging whether the vacuum pressure sensor is at fault, and if the vacuum pressure sensor is at fault, a vacuum pump is controlled to work and the fault is alarmed. The invention also discloses a control method of a brake vacuum servo device of an electric automobile. The invention also discloses a brake vacuum servo device of an electric automobile comprising the control module. The invention also discloses an electric automobile comprising the vacuum servo device. In the invention, the faultdiagnosis unit is arranged for judging whether the brake vacuum servo device is at fault, and when the brake vacuum servo device is at fault, the control module controls the vacuum pump to work and carries out alarming and prompting, thus the brake vacuum servo device has higher reliability, and the safety of the brake system is improved.

The invention relates to an integrated type electronic hydraulic braking system. The integrated type electronic hydraulic braking system comprises a shell body, a main cylinder (15), a motor (16), a pedal push rod (2), a main cylinder push rod (5), a pedal feeling simulator, and a displacement sensor, wherein the main cylinder (15) is connected with the shell body, the output end of the motor (16) is connected with a plunger of the main cylinder (15) through a main cylinder connector (12), and the pedal push rod (2) is connected with a braking pedal; one end of the main cylinder push rod (5) is connected with the pedal push rod (2), the main cylinder push rod (5) slides in the axial direction of the shell body along with the pedal push rod (2), and the other end of the main cylinder push rod (5) and the main cylinder connector (12) are oppositely arranged with a reserved gap to form a decoupled structure; and the pedal feeling simulator is arranged outside the shell body, and connected with the pedal push rod (2), and the displacement sensor is arranged in the shell body. Compared with the prior art, the integrated type electronic hydraulic braking system is available for a traditional vacuum servo brake connector, a sensor is not needed to be additionally installed, and the functions of power-assisted brake, active brake, regenerative brake, auxiliary brake and the like can be achieved; and the integrated type electronic hydraulic braking system has the advantages of being highly integrated, simple and reliable in structure, low in cost, high in universality, and the like.

A vacuum servo brake has an input member by which a valve arrangement may be acted upon at an input force to connect a working chamber selectively to the outside or to a vacuum chamber (separated from the working chamber by a piston which may be brought into operative connection with a main cylinder via an output member to generate a braking pressure). Provided on the piston is an elastomeric reaction member through which a reaction force may be applied to the input member. The output member has a stop which, with a predetermined input force, abuts against the working piston to alter an amplification ratio of the brake. Arranged adjacent to the reaction member is at least one volume take-up means into which part of the reaction member may be displaced in the event of the vacuum servo brake being actuated. Furthermore, the stop is preferably of resilient construction.

The invention provides a braking vacuum servo force system and a braking vacuum servo force control method; a main ECU (12) is used for receiving electric signals expressing the magnitude of atmospheric pressure value and outputting control signals for controlling a vacuum pump (6) through a main control loop according to the electric signals, and a slave ECU (17) is used for replacing the main ECU (12) for receiving the electric signals expressing the magnitude of the atmospheric pressure and outputting control signals for controlling the vacuum pump (6) through a slave control loop accordingto the electric signals, when one of the main ECU (12) and the main control loop is in an abnormal state. The braking vacuum servo force system and the braking vacuum servo force control method in the invention avoid the problem of the out of control vacuum pump when the main ECU (12) and / or the main control loop are / is invalid, thus enhancing reliability and effectiveness of braking servo and ensuring safety of drivers to the utmost.

The invention relates to a vacuum-servo and motor hybrid braking system of an electric automobile. The system comprises an automatic gearbox, a traction motor, a traction motor controller, a finished automobile controller, a vacuum pump, a braking pedal module, a braking liquid level sensor, a vacuum pump motor temperature sensor used to monitor temperatures of the vacuum pump, as well as a first linear vacuum sensor and a second linear vacuum sensor installed at an inlet of a vacuum tank, wherein a temperature signal output end of the vacuum pump motor temperature sensor, a linear vacuum signal output end of the first linear vacuum sensor, and a linear vacuum signal output end of the second linear vacuum sensor are connected to an analog acquisition channel of the finished automobile controller; and a braking liquid level signal output end of the braking liquid level sensor is connected to a digital quantity acquisition channel of the finished automobile controller. The system provided by the invention has higher reliability and can effectively avoid safety accidents.

The invention relates to a vertical vacuum frying machine which further shortens frying time and solves the technical problem of enabling fried food to be uniform. The invention adopts the technical scheme that the frying machine comprises a frying oil removing cabin and an oil storage cabin formed by isolating an inner cavity of a tank by means of a middle partition board, a frying material basket assembly located in the frying oil removing cabin, a working medium matched with the complete machine, a circular and continuous heating device outside oil and a vacuum servo mechanism. In the frying oil removing cabin structure, a sandwich structure surrounding the wall of the frying oil removing cabin is arranged in a position corresponding to the frying material basket, and the sandwich structure is communicated with the frying oil removing cabin and the oil storage cabin to form an overflow channel. In the frying process, a vortex is formed on oil surface, overflows an even temperature frying chamber and flows into the oil storage cabin through the overflow channel, the overflow channel can form an insulating layer and vacuum wrapping, the temperature and pressure gradient in the even temperature frying chamber are greatly reduced, the frying time is further shortened, and resources are saved.

The invention provides a control device of a vacuum servo braking system and an automobile. The vacuum servo braking system comprises at least two vacuum pumps and at least two vacuum pressure sensors. The control device comprises a power supply control module, a processor, and pressure signal collecting modules separately connected to the vacuum pressure sensors correspondingly and vacuum pump signal collecting modules and control signal output modules separately connected to the vacuum pumps correspondingly, wherein the processor determines the vacuum pressure value of the vacuum servo braking system by acquiring the pressure sensing signals of the vacuum pressure sensors and controls the vacuum pumps to start or stop according to the vacuum pressure value; and the processor acquires the working state signals of the vacuum pumps, and controls corresponding vacuum pumps to stop when the corresponding vacuum pumps are in fault states. The control device provided by the invention guarantees normal braking of the vacuum servo braking system by means of fault detection and execution of corresponding control policies, so that the safety performance of the whole automobile is improved.

The invention provides a mixed excitation generator with a vacuum pump and belongs to the technical field of automobile motor electric devices. The mixed excitation generator with a vacuum pump comprises a rotor, a stator, a front end cover, a rear end cover and a vacuum pump; a brushless claw pole type electric excitation rotor, a tangential permanent magnetic rotor and a pump rotor of the vacuum pump are installed on a shaft; the brushless claw pole type electric excitation rotor and the tangential permanent magnetic rotor share the same armature winding; generated magnetic potentials are combined in parallel in a magnetic circuit; a magnetic field generated after the superposition of an electric excitation magnetic filed and a permanent magnetic filed can be adjusted by adjusting the magnitude and direction of the electrifying current of the brushless claw pole type electric excitation rotor, thereby ensuring that the generator can output direct current with stable voltage within a wide rotating speed and loading range; and since the vacuum pump is fixed on the rear end cover of the mixed excitation generator through bolts, the mixed excitation generator achieves the advantages of compact structure, small occupied space and convenient installation, not only can supply power for electric equipment of automobiles, but also can provide vacuum servo energy for a brake system.

The invention relates to a two-dimensional vacuum drying mixer. The two-dimensional vacuum drying mixer comprises a roller, a shaking table and a machine frame. The roller is provided with a feed port and a discharge port. A roller port symmetrical to the discharge port is connected with a heating device and a vacuumizing device through a roller turning connection flange. The heating device comprises a thermal medium coil surrounding the inner wall of the roller, a thermal medium circulation rocker servo mechanism which is fixed to the shaking table and swings together with the shaking table, a thermal medium inlet and a thermal medium outlet. The thermal medium circulation rocker servo mechanism comprises two thermal medium servo pipes and two passageway loop rotating connectors communicated with the two thermal medium servo pipes. The vacuumizing device comprises a vacuum rocker servo mechanism which is fixed to the shaking table and swings together with the shaking table, and a vacuum suction head arranged in the roller. The vacuum rocker servo mechanism comprises two vacuum rotating connectors and vacuum servo pipes communicated with the two vacuum rotating connectors.

The invention provides a vacuum servo brake control system and control method of an unmanned electric automobile and belongs to the technical field of automobile brake. The vacuum servo brake control system comprises an instrument panel, an electric vacuum pump, a one-way valve, a first vacuum degree sensor, a vacuum gas storage tank, an alarm, a filter ring, a felt filter ring, a vacuum thruster, a first valve, a first servo motor, a second valve, a second servo motor and an electric control unit. According to the vacuum servo brake control system, the vacuum thruster only has a front air chamber, and differently, a traditional vacuum thruster has two air chambers; the first servo motor and the first valve are in rigid connection, the second servo motor and the second valve are in rigid connection, and the opening of the valves is adjusted precisely and quickly; and an air chamber shell is provided with a first air hole and a second air hole, one air hole can communicate with the atmosphere by adjusting the opening of the valves and suck or exhaust air by adjusting the valves through the motors independently, and therefore the hole can be used in the vacuum thruster of the unmanned electric automobile. The vacuum servo brake control system can be applied to the unmanned electric automobile and has good development prospects.

The invention discloses an automotive transmission case integrated with a mechanical vacuum pump. The vacuum pump is connected with one of transmission shafts of the transmission case, and power driving of the vacuum pump is realized; an air inlet of the vacuum pump is connected with a gas storage tank of an automobile brake system and used for providing vacuum servo of the automobile brake system; lubricating oil is led into an inner cavity of the vacuum pump from an inner cavity of the transmission case, an air outlet of the vacuum pump is connected with a lubricating oil pipe of the transmission case and used for spraying the lubricating oil of the transmission case and lubricating. The vacuum pump is provided with four one-way valves, so that vacuum pump also works normally no matter rotating forwardly or reversely, gas in the gas storage tank of the brake system and the lubricating oil can be extracted out from the air inlet and pumped out from the air outlet. Mounting of the vacuum pump is simplified, driving is stable, production cost of automobiles is reduced, and vacuum servo of the automobile brake system is provided and lubricating efficiency of the transmission case is improved via the vacuum pump.

The invention relates to an electric vacuum servo brake control system of a pure electric automobile. The electric vacuum servo brake control system comprises a vacuum pump, a vacuum gas storage tank, a booster main cylinder assembly, a braking pedal, a brake oil path, an oil storage tank, a pressure sensor and a vacuum servo brake control device, wherein the pressure sensor is located on the vacuum gas storage tank; a connecting rod mechanism is formed by the booster main cylinder assembly and the braking pedal; the booster main cylinder assembly is communicated with the vacuum gas storage tank through a vacuum pipeline; the vacuum gas storage tank is communicated with the vacuum pump through the vacuum pipeline; and the vacuum servo brake control device is electrically connected with the vacuum pump and the pressure sensor to control the opening and the closing of the vacuum pump. According to the invention, a brake servo control device is used for controlling the opening and the closing of the vacuum pump, so as to guarantee a vacuum pressure of the vacuum gas storage tank in a brake vacuum servo control system, effectively guarantee the flexibility and the reliability of a brake vacuum servo device of the pure electric automobile, and guarantee the driving safety to the greatest extent.

The invention relates to an air pressure booster assembly based on a feedback disc structure. High-pressure air serves as a booster source, and the braking capacity of a hydraulic braking system is improved. During braking, the high-pressure air enters an air pressure booster assembly booster cavity A through a high-pressure air inlet and air inlet channels to realize boosting, the feedback disc structure makes following performance and a control feel be good during braking, and when maximum servo force is reached, input force and output force of an air pressure booster are increased in equalquantity; and when braking is cancelled, along with continuous decreasing of the input force, a valve is in a closed state, the booster cavity A communicates with a booster cavity B, the high-pressureair flows from the cavity A to the cavity B through a channel, a gap between a booster piston and an output pushing rod seat, an air exhaust groove in the output pushing rod seat and an air exhaust hole in a piston return spring seat, and then the high-pressure air is exhausted into the atmosphere. According to the air pressure booster assembly based on the feedback disc structure, the braking performance can be improved; aiming at hydraulic braking light-duty truck of the national V emission standard, the air pressure booster assembly based on the feedback disc structure is adopted, the samehigh-pressure air source can be adopted with a urea supply system, a vacuum servo system part is omitted, and the cost of a whole vehicle is reduced.

The invention provides a new energy pure electric vehicle one-stop teaching system which comprises a power battery and management system training platform, a drive transmission system training platform, an electric power-assisted steering training platform, an air conditioning and heating training platform, an electric vacuum servo hydraulic brake training platform and a body electrical system training platform. The power battery and management system training platform, the electric power-assisted steering training platform, the air conditioning and heating training platform, the electric vacuum servo hydraulic brake training platform and the body electrical system training platform are respectively communicated with the drive transmission system training platform through connecting lines. A split simulation training platform is used for teaching, which improves the teaching effect.

A vehicle air-conditioning device is provided for controlling a vehicle air-conditioning of a vehicle in accordance with a control method. A negative pressure, which is generated in an intake passage of the internal combustion engine by a vacuum servo that assists a brake pedal force, is estimated based on an atmospheric pressure and a pressure inside the intake passage. When a predetermined condition is established that includes a state in which the estimated negative pressure inside the vacuum servo is insufficient relative to a predetermined pressure during operation of the air-conditioning compressor, the air-conditioning compressor is stopped during a first time period, the air-conditioning compressor is operated during a second time period regardless of the predetermined condition after the first time period has elapsed, and operation of the air-conditioning compressor is controlled in accordance the states of the predetermined condition being established after the second time period has elapsed.

The invention discloses a vacuum servo safety control system for a new energy vehicle, which comprises a whole vehicle control unit (VCU), an electric vacuum pump, a vacuum pressure sensor and a vacuum container, and further comprises a first relay and a second relay, wherein the coil of the first relay is connected in series between a storage battery and the whole vehicle control unit; a normally open contact corresponding to the coil of the first relay is connected between the storage battery and the whole vehicle control unit; the coil of the second relay is connected in series between the storage battery and the whole vehicle control unit; and a normally open contact corresponding to the coil of the second relay is connected between the whole vehicle control unit and the electric vacuum pump. Practices show that vacuum detection of a stopped vehicle and vacuum re-detection of a started vehicle can be realized, and a driver is prevented from driving a vehicle when vacuum leaks, so as to ensure vacuum brake power assisting requirements of the driver at any time, improve brake reliability, reduce fatigue of the driver, provide convenience for reducing the incidence of driving accidents, and improve the safety of the whole vehicle.

The present invention belongs to the technical field of car braking systems, and relates to a calculation method of a vacuum degree in a car braking process. The method is based on a car vacuum servo system. The calculation method comprises the steps of: step 1: determining parameters of the vacuum servo system in a braking state and in a non-braking state; step 2: expressing an vacuum degree loss value of a back chamber of an vacuum booster by using an air molecular number; and step 3: according to a formula (1) pV=nRT, the formula (2) shown in the specification and the formula (3) pi=p-p0, calculating the vacuum degree of the servo system. According to the theoretical calculation of the vacuum degree in the car braking process provided by the present invention, by analyzing the structure of the vacuum booster and applying the Avogadro gas pressure formula to calculation, the vacuum degree in different braking states of the braking system can be obtained, so that the braking performance of a vehicle can be assessed via related theoretical calculation; and by calculating the vacuum degree of the vacuum servo system, optimal matching on the vehicle braking system can be performed, so as to make the vehicle braking performance more reasonable, and the performance of the vacuum servo system better.

A vehicle air-conditioning device is provided for controlling a vehicle air-conditioning of a vehicle in accordance with a control method. The air-conditioning compressor is stopped for a first time period after a brake pedal transitions from an operated state to a non-operated state when negative pressure inside a vacuum servo is insufficient relative to a predetermined pressure while an air-conditioning compressor is operating, and The air-conditioning compressor is stopped for a second time period after the acceleration pedal has come to be in a non-operated state when an acceleration pedal is operated before the first time period elapses.

The invention discloses a control module of a brake vacuum servo device of an electric automobile. The control module comprises a fault diagnosis unit for a vacuum pressure sensor and a vacuum pressure data acquisition unit, wherein the fault diagnosis unit for the vacuum pressure sensor is used for judging whether the vacuum pressure sensor is at fault, and if the vacuum pressure sensor is at fault, a vacuum pump is controlled to work and the fault is alarmed. The invention also discloses a control method of a brake vacuum servo device of an electric automobile. The invention also discloses a brake vacuum servo device of an electric automobile comprising the control module. The invention also discloses an electric automobile comprising the vacuum servo device. In the invention, the fault diagnosis unit is arranged for judging whether the brake vacuum servo device is at fault, and when the brake vacuum servo device is at fault, the control module controls the vacuum pump to work and carries out alarming and prompting, thus the brake vacuum servo device has higher reliability, and the safety of the brake system is improved.

The invention discloses a vacuum assisted brake system, a control method thereof, and a vehicle comprising the vacuum assisted brake system. The vacuum assisted brake system comprises a vacuum booster, a vacuum pump, a vacuum container and a master controller ECU, wherein the vacuum pump is communicated with a vacuum servo air chamber of the vacuum booster by the vacuum container; and the master controller ECU is electrically connected with the vacuum pump. The vacuum assisted brake system also comprises an engine; an intake manifold of the engine is communicated with the vacuum servo air chamber of the vacuum booster; and the master controller ECU makes the engine serve as a main vacuum source and the vacuum pump serve as an auxiliary vacuum source by controlling the opening and closing of the engine and the vacuum pump so as to provide a vacuum environment for the vacuum booster. By using the engine as the main vacuum source, the vacuum assisted brake system of the invention reducesthe operating time and starting / stopping time of the vacuum pump, and avoids frequent opening and long time operation of the vacuum pump, thereby prolonging the service time of the vacuum pump.

The invention provides a hybrid excitation generator and vacuum pump integrated device, and belongs to the technical field of automotive motors and electric appliances. The integrated device is composed of a vacuum pump, a front end cover, a rear end cover, a hybrid excitation rotor and a stator; a rectangular permanent magnet steel is installed in a rectangular groove of a T-shaped salient pole, a tile permanent magnet steel is installed in an arc groove of the T-shaped salient pole, and an electric excitation winding is wound on the T-shaped salient pole. The generated magnetic field directly faces air gaps, so that little flux leaks; the magnetic field in the air gaps of a generator is provided by the permanent magnet steels and the electric excitation winding together, so the strength of the magnetic field is high, the power density is high, electric energy can be provided for electric equipment of an automobile, and vacuum servo energy can also be provided for a brake system.

The invention discloses a vacuum servo safety control system for a new energy vehicle, which comprises a whole vehicle control unit (VCU), an electric vacuum pump, a vacuum pressure sensor and a vacuum container, and further comprises a first relay and a second relay, wherein the coil of the first relay is connected in series between a storage battery and the whole vehicle control unit; a normally open contact corresponding to the coil of the first relay is connected between the storage battery and the whole vehicle control unit; the coil of the second relay is connected in series between the storage battery and the whole vehicle control unit; and a normally open contact corresponding to the coil of the second relay is connected between the whole vehicle control unit and the electric vacuum pump. Practices show that vacuum detection of a stopped vehicle and vacuum re-detection of a started vehicle can be realized, and a driver is prevented from driving a vehicle when vacuum leaks, so as to ensure vacuum brake power assisting requirements of the driver at any time, improve brake reliability, reduce fatigue of the driver, provide convenience for reducing the incidence of driving accidents, and improve the safety of the whole vehicle.

The invention relates to a vacuum boosting and motor composite braking system for an electric vehicle, which includes an automatic gearbox, a traction motor, a traction motor controller, a vehicle controller, a vacuum pump, a brake pedal module, a brake fluid level sensor, A vacuum pump motor temperature sensor for monitoring the temperature of the vacuum pump, a first linear vacuum sensor and a second linear vacuum sensor installed at the inlet of the vacuum tank, a temperature signal output terminal of the vacuum pump motor temperature sensor, a linear vacuum signal output terminal of the first linear vacuum sensor and The linear vacuum signal output terminal of the second linear vacuum sensor is connected to the analog quantity acquisition channel of the vehicle controller, and the brake fluid level signal output terminal of the brake fluid level sensor is connected to the digital quantity acquisition channel of the vehicle controller. The invention has higher reliability and can effectively avoid safety accidents.

The invention relates to an automobile brake simulation system. The system solves the problem in the prior art that an automatic system cannot achieve active braking and the pedal feeling cannot be adjusted. The system comprises a brake pedal and a plurality of brakes and further comprises a displacement sensor unit, a control unit, a simulation unit and an adjustment unit. The displacement sensorunit is disposed on the brake pedal and connected to the control unit, the control unit is connected to the simulation unit connected to the brakes in a control mode, and the adjustment unit is connected to the control unit. The system adopts the motor output torque to control operation of the brakes according to brake pedal displacement, and achieves the purpose of active braking of an automobile. A traditional vacuum servo system is not required, and the system is simpler in structure. The motor output torque can be adjusted through the adjustment unit to achieve adjustment of the brake pedal, and the problem that the pedal feeling of the traditional brake system is achieved by adjusting hardware parameters and cannot be changed once determined is solved.

The invention relates to a vacuum servo boosting system, a vehicle control method, a storage medium and a vehicle. The system comprises a controller, an electric vacuum pump, a vacuum booster assembly and a vacuum tank. The controller is connected with the electric vacuum pump, the vacuum booster assembly is connected with the vacuum tank, and the electric vacuum pump is respectively connected with the vacuum booster assembly and the vacuum tank; the controller is used for controlling the electric vacuum pump to extract air in the vacuum booster assembly under the condition that the vacuum pressure of the vacuum booster assembly is smaller than or equal to a preset minimum pressure threshold value, and controlling the electric vacuum pump to extract air in the vacuum booster assembly under the condition that the first real-time vacuum pressure of the vacuum booster assembly reaches a preset maximum pressure threshold value. And when the second real-time vacuum pressure in the vacuum tank reaches the preset maximum pressure threshold value, the electric vacuum pump is controlled to extract air in the vacuum tank, and when the second real-time vacuum pressure in the vacuum tank reaches the preset maximum pressure threshold value, the electric vacuum pump is controlled to stop extracting the air in the vacuum tank. In this way, the braking effect of the vehicle can be improved, and potential safety hazards of the vehicle are reduced.